Input file: ../examples/ex16 Output file: ex16.out Database file: ../database/phreeqc.dat ------------------ Reading data base. ------------------ SOLUTION_MASTER_SPECIES SOLUTION_SPECIES PHASES EXCHANGE_MASTER_SPECIES EXCHANGE_SPECIES SURFACE_MASTER_SPECIES SURFACE_SPECIES RATES END ------------------------------------ Reading input data for simulation 1. ------------------------------------ TITLE Example 16.--Inverse modeling of Sierra springs SOLUTION_SPREAD units mmol/L Number pH Si Ca Mg Na K Alkalinity S(6) Cl 1 6.2 0.273 0.078 0.029 0.134 0.028 0.328 0.01 0.014 2 6.8 0.41 0.26 0.071 0.259 0.04 0.895 0.025 0.03 INVERSE_MODELING 1 solutions 1 2 uncertainty 0.025 range phases Halite Gypsum Kaolinite precip Ca-montmorillonite precip CO2(g) Calcite Chalcedony precip Biotite dissolve Plagioclase dissolve balances Ca 0.05 0.025 PHASES Biotite KMg3AlSi3O10(OH)2 + 6H+ + 4H2O = K+ + 3Mg+2 + Al(OH)4- + 3H4SiO4 log_k 0.0 # No log_k, Inverse modeling only Plagioclase Na0.62Ca0.38Al1.38Si2.62O8 + 5.52 H+ + 2.48H2O = 0.62Na+ + 0.38Ca+2 + 1.38Al+3 + 2.62H4SiO4 log_k 0.0 # No log_k, inverse modeling only END ----- TITLE ----- Example 16.--Inverse modeling of Sierra springs ------------------------------------------- Beginning of initial solution calculations. ------------------------------------------- Initial solution 1. -----------------------------Solution composition------------------------------ Elements Molality Moles Alkalinity 3.280e-04 3.280e-04 Ca 7.800e-05 7.800e-05 Cl 1.400e-05 1.400e-05 K 2.800e-05 2.800e-05 Mg 2.900e-05 2.900e-05 Na 1.340e-04 1.340e-04 S(6) 1.000e-05 1.000e-05 Si 2.730e-04 2.730e-04 ----------------------------Description of solution---------------------------- pH = 6.200 pe = 4.000 Specific Conductance (uS/cm, 25 oC) = 37 Density (g/cm3) = 0.99707 Activity of water = 1.000 Ionic strength = 4.851e-04 Mass of water (kg) = 1.000e+00 Total carbon (mol/kg) = 7.825e-04 Total CO2 (mol/kg) = 7.825e-04 Temperature (deg C) = 25.00 Electrical balance (eq) = 1.400e-05 Percent error, 100*(Cat-|An|)/(Cat+|An|) = 1.90 Iterations = 7 Total H = 1.110139e+02 Total O = 5.550924e+01 ----------------------------Distribution of species---------------------------- Log Log Log Species Molality Activity Molality Activity Gamma H+ 6.464e-07 6.310e-07 -6.189 -6.200 -0.011 OH- 1.627e-08 1.587e-08 -7.789 -7.800 -0.011 H2O 5.551e+01 1.000e+00 1.744 -0.000 0.000 C(4) 7.825e-04 CO2 4.540e-04 4.540e-04 -3.343 -3.343 0.000 HCO3- 3.281e-04 3.200e-04 -3.484 -3.495 -0.011 CaHCO3+ 2.940e-07 2.868e-07 -6.532 -6.542 -0.011 MgHCO3+ 1.003e-07 9.783e-08 -6.999 -7.010 -0.011 CO3-2 2.628e-08 2.379e-08 -7.580 -7.624 -0.043 NaHCO3 2.351e-08 2.352e-08 -7.629 -7.629 0.000 CaCO3 2.806e-09 2.807e-09 -8.552 -8.552 0.000 MgCO3 5.929e-10 5.930e-10 -9.227 -9.227 0.000 NaCO3- 5.935e-11 5.788e-11 -10.227 -10.237 -0.011 Ca 7.800e-05 Ca+2 7.758e-05 7.023e-05 -4.110 -4.153 -0.043 CaHCO3+ 2.940e-07 2.868e-07 -6.532 -6.542 -0.011 CaSO4 1.244e-07 1.245e-07 -6.905 -6.905 0.000 CaCO3 2.806e-09 2.807e-09 -8.552 -8.552 0.000 CaOH+ 1.894e-11 1.847e-11 -10.723 -10.733 -0.011 CaHSO4+ 4.717e-13 4.600e-13 -12.326 -12.337 -0.011 Cl 1.400e-05 Cl- 1.400e-05 1.365e-05 -4.854 -4.865 -0.011 H(0) 5.636e-24 H2 2.818e-24 2.818e-24 -23.550 -23.550 0.000 K 2.800e-05 K+ 2.800e-05 2.730e-05 -4.553 -4.564 -0.011 KSO4- 1.747e-09 1.704e-09 -8.758 -8.769 -0.011 KOH 1.500e-13 1.500e-13 -12.824 -12.824 0.000 Mg 2.900e-05 Mg+2 2.885e-05 2.612e-05 -4.540 -4.583 -0.043 MgHCO3+ 1.003e-07 9.783e-08 -6.999 -7.010 -0.011 MgSO4 5.438e-08 5.439e-08 -7.265 -7.264 0.000 MgCO3 5.929e-10 5.930e-10 -9.227 -9.227 0.000 MgOH+ 1.541e-10 1.503e-10 -9.812 -9.823 -0.011 Na 1.340e-04 Na+ 1.340e-04 1.307e-04 -3.873 -3.884 -0.011 NaHCO3 2.351e-08 2.352e-08 -7.629 -7.629 0.000 NaSO4- 5.964e-09 5.816e-09 -8.224 -8.235 -0.011 NaCO3- 5.935e-11 5.788e-11 -10.227 -10.237 -0.011 NaOH 1.368e-12 1.368e-12 -11.864 -11.864 0.000 O(0) 0.000e+00 O2 0.000e+00 0.000e+00 -45.280 -45.280 0.000 S(6) 1.000e-05 SO4-2 9.813e-06 8.882e-06 -5.008 -5.052 -0.043 CaSO4 1.244e-07 1.245e-07 -6.905 -6.905 0.000 MgSO4 5.438e-08 5.439e-08 -7.265 -7.264 0.000 NaSO4- 5.964e-09 5.816e-09 -8.224 -8.235 -0.011 KSO4- 1.747e-09 1.704e-09 -8.758 -8.769 -0.011 HSO4- 5.587e-10 5.448e-10 -9.253 -9.264 -0.011 CaHSO4+ 4.717e-13 4.600e-13 -12.326 -12.337 -0.011 Si 2.730e-04 H4SiO4 2.729e-04 2.730e-04 -3.564 -3.564 0.000 H3SiO4- 6.541e-08 6.379e-08 -7.184 -7.195 -0.011 H2SiO4-2 7.604e-15 6.877e-15 -14.119 -14.163 -0.044 ------------------------------Saturation indices------------------------------- Phase SI log IAP log K(298 K, 1 atm) Anhydrite -4.84 -9.20 -4.36 CaSO4 Aragonite -3.44 -11.78 -8.34 CaCO3 Calcite -3.30 -11.78 -8.48 CaCO3 Chalcedony -0.01 -3.56 -3.55 SiO2 Chrysotile -15.88 16.32 32.20 Mg3Si2O5(OH)4 CO2(g) -1.87 -3.34 -1.47 CO2 Dolomite -6.89 -23.98 -17.09 CaMg(CO3)2 Gypsum -4.62 -9.20 -4.58 CaSO4:2H2O H2(g) -20.40 -23.55 -3.15 H2 H2O(g) -1.51 -0.00 1.51 H2O Halite -10.33 -8.75 1.58 NaCl O2(g) -42.39 -45.28 -2.89 O2 Quartz 0.42 -3.56 -3.98 SiO2 Sepiolite -10.82 4.94 15.76 Mg2Si3O7.5OH:3H2O Sepiolite(d) -13.72 4.94 18.66 Mg2Si3O7.5OH:3H2O SiO2(a) -0.85 -3.56 -2.71 SiO2 Talc -12.20 9.20 21.40 Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 Initial solution 2. -----------------------------Solution composition------------------------------ Elements Molality Moles Alkalinity 8.951e-04 8.951e-04 Ca 2.600e-04 2.600e-04 Cl 3.000e-05 3.000e-05 K 4.000e-05 4.000e-05 Mg 7.101e-05 7.101e-05 Na 2.590e-04 2.590e-04 S(6) 2.500e-05 2.500e-05 Si 4.100e-04 4.100e-04 ----------------------------Description of solution---------------------------- pH = 6.800 pe = 4.000 Specific Conductance (uS/cm, 25 oC) = 95 Density (g/cm3) = 0.99711 Activity of water = 1.000 Ionic strength = 1.313e-03 Mass of water (kg) = 1.000e+00 Total carbon (mol/kg) = 1.199e-03 Total CO2 (mol/kg) = 1.199e-03 Temperature (deg C) = 25.00 Electrical balance (eq) = -1.400e-05 Percent error, 100*(Cat-|An|)/(Cat+|An|) = -0.73 Iterations = 6 Total H = 1.110150e+02 Total O = 5.551125e+01 ----------------------------Distribution of species---------------------------- Log Log Log Species Molality Activity Molality Activity Gamma H+ 1.647e-07 1.585e-07 -6.783 -6.800 -0.017 OH- 6.579e-08 6.316e-08 -7.182 -7.200 -0.018 H2O 5.551e+01 1.000e+00 1.744 -0.000 0.000 C(4) 1.199e-03 HCO3- 8.907e-04 8.559e-04 -3.050 -3.068 -0.017 CO2 3.049e-04 3.050e-04 -3.516 -3.516 0.000 CaHCO3+ 2.485e-06 2.387e-06 -5.605 -5.622 -0.017 MgHCO3+ 6.235e-07 5.987e-07 -6.205 -6.223 -0.018 CO3-2 2.971e-07 2.533e-07 -6.527 -6.596 -0.069 NaHCO3 1.196e-07 1.197e-07 -6.922 -6.922 0.000 CaCO3 9.299e-08 9.302e-08 -7.032 -7.031 0.000 MgCO3 1.444e-08 1.445e-08 -7.840 -7.840 0.000 NaCO3- 1.221e-09 1.173e-09 -8.913 -8.931 -0.018 Ca 2.600e-04 Ca+2 2.566e-04 2.186e-04 -3.591 -3.660 -0.069 CaHCO3+ 2.485e-06 2.387e-06 -5.605 -5.622 -0.017 CaSO4 8.841e-07 8.843e-07 -6.054 -6.053 0.000 CaCO3 9.299e-08 9.302e-08 -7.032 -7.031 0.000 CaOH+ 2.384e-10 2.289e-10 -9.623 -9.640 -0.018 CaHSO4+ 8.551e-13 8.211e-13 -12.068 -12.086 -0.018 Cl 3.000e-05 Cl- 3.000e-05 2.880e-05 -4.523 -4.541 -0.018 H(0) 3.555e-25 H2 1.778e-25 1.778e-25 -24.750 -24.750 0.000 K 4.000e-05 K+ 4.000e-05 3.840e-05 -4.398 -4.416 -0.018 KSO4- 5.696e-09 5.470e-09 -8.244 -8.262 -0.018 KOH 8.398e-13 8.401e-13 -12.076 -12.076 0.000 Mg 7.101e-05 Mg+2 7.008e-05 5.978e-05 -4.154 -4.223 -0.069 MgHCO3+ 6.235e-07 5.987e-07 -6.205 -6.223 -0.018 MgSO4 2.840e-07 2.841e-07 -6.547 -6.547 0.000 MgCO3 1.444e-08 1.445e-08 -7.840 -7.840 0.000 MgOH+ 1.426e-09 1.370e-09 -8.846 -8.863 -0.018 Na 2.590e-04 Na+ 2.589e-04 2.486e-04 -3.587 -3.604 -0.018 NaHCO3 1.196e-07 1.197e-07 -6.922 -6.922 0.000 NaSO4- 2.631e-08 2.526e-08 -7.580 -7.598 -0.018 NaCO3- 1.221e-09 1.173e-09 -8.913 -8.931 -0.018 NaOH 1.036e-11 1.036e-11 -10.985 -10.984 0.000 O(0) 0.000e+00 O2 0.000e+00 0.000e+00 -42.880 -42.880 0.000 S(6) 2.500e-05 SO4-2 2.380e-05 2.027e-05 -4.623 -4.693 -0.070 CaSO4 8.841e-07 8.843e-07 -6.054 -6.053 0.000 MgSO4 2.840e-07 2.841e-07 -6.547 -6.547 0.000 NaSO4- 2.631e-08 2.526e-08 -7.580 -7.598 -0.018 KSO4- 5.696e-09 5.470e-09 -8.244 -8.262 -0.018 HSO4- 3.253e-10 3.124e-10 -9.488 -9.505 -0.018 CaHSO4+ 8.551e-13 8.211e-13 -12.068 -12.086 -0.018 Si 4.100e-04 H4SiO4 4.096e-04 4.098e-04 -3.388 -3.387 0.000 H3SiO4- 3.970e-07 3.812e-07 -6.401 -6.419 -0.018 H2SiO4-2 1.924e-13 1.636e-13 -12.716 -12.786 -0.070 ------------------------------Saturation indices------------------------------- Phase SI log IAP log K(298 K, 1 atm) Anhydrite -3.99 -8.35 -4.36 CaSO4 Aragonite -1.92 -10.26 -8.34 CaCO3 Calcite -1.78 -10.26 -8.48 CaCO3 Chalcedony 0.16 -3.39 -3.55 SiO2 Chrysotile -10.85 21.35 32.20 Mg3Si2O5(OH)4 CO2(g) -2.05 -3.52 -1.47 CO2 Dolomite -3.99 -21.08 -17.09 CaMg(CO3)2 Gypsum -3.77 -8.35 -4.58 CaSO4:2H2O H2(g) -21.60 -24.75 -3.15 H2 H2O(g) -1.51 -0.00 1.51 H2O Halite -9.73 -8.14 1.58 NaCl O2(g) -39.99 -42.88 -2.89 O2 Quartz 0.59 -3.39 -3.98 SiO2 Sepiolite -7.17 8.59 15.76 Mg2Si3O7.5OH:3H2O Sepiolite(d) -10.07 8.59 18.66 Mg2Si3O7.5OH:3H2O SiO2(a) -0.68 -3.39 -2.71 SiO2 Talc -6.82 14.58 21.40 Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 --------------------------------------------- Beginning of inverse modeling 1 calculations. --------------------------------------------- Using Cl1 standard precision optimization routine. Solution 1: Input Delta Input+Delta pH 6.200e+00 + 1.246e-02 = 6.212e+00 Al 0.000e+00 + 0.000e+00 = 0.000e+00 Alkalinity 3.280e-04 + 5.500e-06 = 3.335e-04 C(-4) 0.000e+00 + 0.000e+00 = 0.000e+00 C(4) 7.825e-04 + 0.000e+00 = 7.825e-04 Ca 7.800e-05 + -3.900e-06 = 7.410e-05 Cl 1.400e-05 + 0.000e+00 = 1.400e-05 H(0) 0.000e+00 + 0.000e+00 = 0.000e+00 K 2.800e-05 + -7.000e-07 = 2.730e-05 Mg 2.900e-05 + 0.000e+00 = 2.900e-05 Na 1.340e-04 + 0.000e+00 = 1.340e-04 O(0) 0.000e+00 + 0.000e+00 = 0.000e+00 S(-2) 0.000e+00 + 0.000e+00 = 0.000e+00 S(6) 1.000e-05 + 0.000e+00 = 1.000e-05 Si 2.730e-04 + 0.000e+00 = 2.730e-04 Solution 2: Input Delta Input+Delta pH 6.800e+00 + -3.407e-03 = 6.797e+00 Al 0.000e+00 + 0.000e+00 = 0.000e+00 Alkalinity 8.951e-04 + -1.796e-06 = 8.933e-04 C(-4) 0.000e+00 + 0.000e+00 = 0.000e+00 C(4) 1.199e-03 + 0.000e+00 = 1.199e-03 Ca 2.600e-04 + 6.501e-06 = 2.665e-04 Cl 3.000e-05 + 0.000e+00 = 3.000e-05 H(0) 0.000e+00 + 0.000e+00 = 0.000e+00 K 4.000e-05 + 1.000e-06 = 4.100e-05 Mg 7.101e-05 + -8.979e-07 = 7.011e-05 Na 2.590e-04 + 0.000e+00 = 2.590e-04 O(0) 0.000e+00 + 0.000e+00 = 0.000e+00 S(-2) 0.000e+00 + 0.000e+00 = 0.000e+00 S(6) 2.500e-05 + 0.000e+00 = 2.500e-05 Si 4.100e-04 + 0.000e+00 = 4.100e-04 Solution fractions: Minimum Maximum Solution 1 1.000e+00 1.000e+00 1.000e+00 Solution 2 1.000e+00 1.000e+00 1.000e+00 Phase mole transfers: Minimum Maximum Halite 1.600e-05 1.490e-05 1.710e-05 NaCl Gypsum 1.500e-05 1.413e-05 1.588e-05 CaSO4:2H2O Kaolinite -3.392e-05 -5.587e-05 -1.224e-05 Al2Si2O5(OH)4 Ca-Montmorillon -8.090e-05 -1.100e-04 -5.154e-05 Ca0.165Al2.33Si3.67O10(OH)2 CO2(g) 2.928e-04 2.363e-04 3.563e-04 CO2 Calcite 1.240e-04 1.007e-04 1.309e-04 CaCO3 Biotite 1.370e-05 1.317e-05 1.370e-05 KMg3AlSi3O10(OH)2 Plagioclase 1.758e-04 1.582e-04 1.935e-04 Na0.62Ca0.38Al1.38Si2.62O8 Redox mole transfers: Sum of residuals (epsilons in documentation): 5.574e+00 Sum of delta/uncertainty limit: 5.574e+00 Maximum fractional error in element concentration: 5.000e-02 Model contains minimum number of phases. =============================================================================== Solution 1: Input Delta Input+Delta pH 6.200e+00 + 1.246e-02 = 6.212e+00 Al 0.000e+00 + 0.000e+00 = 0.000e+00 Alkalinity 3.280e-04 + 5.500e-06 = 3.335e-04 C(-4) 0.000e+00 + 0.000e+00 = 0.000e+00 C(4) 7.825e-04 + 0.000e+00 = 7.825e-04 Ca 7.800e-05 + -3.900e-06 = 7.410e-05 Cl 1.400e-05 + 0.000e+00 = 1.400e-05 H(0) 0.000e+00 + 0.000e+00 = 0.000e+00 K 2.800e-05 + -7.000e-07 = 2.730e-05 Mg 2.900e-05 + 0.000e+00 = 2.900e-05 Na 1.340e-04 + 0.000e+00 = 1.340e-04 O(0) 0.000e+00 + 0.000e+00 = 0.000e+00 S(-2) 0.000e+00 + 0.000e+00 = 0.000e+00 S(6) 1.000e-05 + 0.000e+00 = 1.000e-05 Si 2.730e-04 + 0.000e+00 = 2.730e-04 Solution 2: Input Delta Input+Delta pH 6.800e+00 + -3.407e-03 = 6.797e+00 Al 0.000e+00 + 0.000e+00 = 0.000e+00 Alkalinity 8.951e-04 + -1.796e-06 = 8.933e-04 C(-4) 0.000e+00 + 0.000e+00 = 0.000e+00 C(4) 1.199e-03 + 0.000e+00 = 1.199e-03 Ca 2.600e-04 + 6.501e-06 = 2.665e-04 Cl 3.000e-05 + 0.000e+00 = 3.000e-05 H(0) 0.000e+00 + 0.000e+00 = 0.000e+00 K 4.000e-05 + 1.000e-06 = 4.100e-05 Mg 7.101e-05 + -8.980e-07 = 7.011e-05 Na 2.590e-04 + 0.000e+00 = 2.590e-04 O(0) 0.000e+00 + 0.000e+00 = 0.000e+00 S(-2) 0.000e+00 + 0.000e+00 = 0.000e+00 S(6) 2.500e-05 + 0.000e+00 = 2.500e-05 Si 4.100e-04 + 0.000e+00 = 4.100e-04 Solution fractions: Minimum Maximum Solution 1 1.000e+00 1.000e+00 1.000e+00 Solution 2 1.000e+00 1.000e+00 1.000e+00 Phase mole transfers: Minimum Maximum Halite 1.600e-05 1.490e-05 1.710e-05 NaCl Gypsum 1.500e-05 1.413e-05 1.588e-05 CaSO4:2H2O Kaolinite -1.282e-04 -1.403e-04 -1.159e-04 Al2Si2O5(OH)4 CO2(g) 3.061e-04 2.490e-04 3.703e-04 CO2 Calcite 1.106e-04 8.680e-05 1.182e-04 CaCO3 Chalcedony -1.084e-04 -1.473e-04 -6.906e-05 SiO2 Biotite 1.370e-05 1.317e-05 1.370e-05 KMg3AlSi3O10(OH)2 Plagioclase 1.758e-04 1.582e-04 1.935e-04 Na0.62Ca0.38Al1.38Si2.62O8 Redox mole transfers: Sum of residuals (epsilons in documentation): 5.574e+00 Sum of delta/uncertainty limit: 5.574e+00 Maximum fractional error in element concentration: 5.000e-02 Model contains minimum number of phases. =============================================================================== Summary of inverse modeling: Number of models found: 2 Number of minimal models found: 2 Number of infeasible sets of phases saved: 20 Number of calls to cl1: 62 ------------------ End of simulation. ------------------ ------------------------------------ Reading input data for simulation 2. ------------------------------------ ----------- End of run. -----------