iphreeqc/phreeqcpp/inverse.cpp

#include "Phreeqc.h"
#include "phqalloc.h"
#include "Utils.h"
#include "Solution.h"
#include "SolutionIsotope.h"


#define MAX_MODELS 20
#define MIN_TOTAL_INVERSE 1e-14

/* variables local to module */
#define SCALE_EPSILON .0009765625
#define SCALE_WATER   1.
#define SCALE_ALL     1.

#if defined(PHREEQCI_GUI)
#ifdef _DEBUG
#define new DEBUG_NEW
#undef THIS_FILE
static char THIS_FILE[] = __FILE__;
#endif
#endif

/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
int Phreeqc::
inverse_models(void)
/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
{
/*
 *   Go through list of inverse models, make calculations
 *   for any marked "new".
 */
	int n/*, print1*/;
	char string[MAX_LENGTH] = "";
	if (count_inverse <= 0) return OK;
	// Revert to previous headings after inverse modeling
	std::vector<std::string> old_headings;

	state = INVERSE;
	dl_type_x = cxxSurface::NO_DL;

	for (n = 0; n < count_inverse; n++)
	{
		if (inverse[n].new_def == TRUE)
		{
/*
 * dump .lon file
 */
			if (inverse[n].netpath != NULL)
				dump_netpath(&inverse[n]);

/*
 * open .pat file
 */
			if (inverse[n].pat != NULL)
			{
				Utilities::strcpy_safe(string, MAX_LENGTH, inverse[n].pat);
				if (replace(".pat", ".pat", string) != TRUE)
				{
					Utilities::strcat_safe(string, MAX_LENGTH, ".pat");
				}
				netpath_file = fopen(string, "w");
				if (netpath_file == NULL)
				{
					error_string = sformatf( "Can`t open file, %s.", string);
					error_msg(error_string, STOP);
#if !defined(R_SO)
					exit(4);
#endif
				}
				count_inverse_models = 0;
				count_pat_solutions = 0;
				/* Header */
				fprintf(netpath_file, "2.14               # File format\n");
			}
/*
 *  Fill in structure "use".
 */
			use.Set_inverse_in(true);
			use.Set_inverse_ptr(&inverse[n]);
			use.Set_n_inverse_user(inverse[n].n_user);
/*
 *  Initial prints
 */
			error_string = sformatf(
					"Beginning of inverse modeling %d calculations.",
					inverse[n].n_user);
			dup_print(error_string, TRUE);

			if (inverse[n].mp == TRUE)
			{
				output_msg(sformatf(
						   "Using Cl1MP multiprecision optimization routine.\n"));

			}
			else
			{
				output_msg(sformatf(
						   "Using Cl1 standard precision optimization routine.\n"));
			}
			status(0, NULL);

/*
 *  Setup and solve
 */
			count_calls = 0;
			setup_inverse(&(inverse[n]));
			punch_model_heading(&inverse[n]);
			solve_inverse(&(inverse[n]));
			if (inverse[n].isotope_unknowns.size() > 0)
			{
				inverse[n].isotope_unknowns.clear();
			}
			inverse[n].new_def = FALSE;
			if (inverse[n].pat != NULL)
			{
				fclose(netpath_file);
				netpath_file = NULL;
			}
		}
	}

	//user_punch_count_headings = (int) old_headings.size();
	//user_punch_headings = (const char **) PHRQ_realloc(user_punch_headings,
	//	(size_t) (user_punch_count_headings + 1) * sizeof(char *));
	//if (user_punch_headings == NULL)
	//	malloc_error();
	//for (i = 0; i < user_punch_count_headings; i++)
	//{
	//	user_punch_headings[i] = string_hsave(old_headings[i].c_str());
	//}
	return (OK);
}

/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
int Phreeqc::
setup_inverse(class inverse *inv_ptr)
/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
{
/*
 *   Fill in array for an inverse problem
 */
	int i, j, k, i_alk, i_carb;
	size_t max;
	size_t count_rows_t;
	size_t column, row;
	int temp;
	LDBLE isotope_number;
	LDBLE f, coef, cb, conc;
	char token[MAX_LENGTH];
	class phase *phase_ptr;
	cxxSolution *solution_ptr;
	CReaction *rxn_ptr;
	class master *master_ptr;
/*
 *   Determine array sizes, row and column positions
 */
	toler = inv_ptr->tolerance;
	if (inv_ptr->mp == TRUE)
	{
		toler = inv_ptr->mp_tolerance;
	}
/*
 *   Alkalinity derivatives with pH and carbon
 */
	carbon = 1;
	temp = pr.status;
	pr.status = FALSE;

	// current_selected_output is NULL at this point
	carbon_derivs(inv_ptr);
	pr.status = temp;

	//current_selected_output->Set_inverse(temp_inv);
	state = INVERSE;
/* 
 *   tidy isotopes if necessary
 */
	if (inv_ptr->isotopes.size() > 0)
	{
		set_isotope_unknowns(inv_ptr);
		if (get_input_errors() > 0)
		{
			error_msg("Stopping because of input errors.", STOP);
		}
		check_isotopes(inv_ptr);
		if (get_input_errors() > 0)
		{
			error_msg("Stopping because of input errors.", STOP);
		}
	}

/*
 *    count unknowns
 */
	max_column_count = inv_ptr->elts.size() * inv_ptr->count_solns +	/* epsilons */
		inv_ptr->count_solns +	/* solutions */
		inv_ptr->phases.size() +	/* phases */
		inv_ptr->count_redox_rxns +	/* redox reactions */
		carbon * inv_ptr->count_solns +	/* pH */
		1 +						/* water */
		inv_ptr->isotope_unknowns.size() * inv_ptr->count_solns +	/* isotopes in solution */
		inv_ptr->isotopes.size() * inv_ptr->phases.size() +	/* isotopes in phases */
		1 + 1;					/* rhs, ineq */
	count_unknowns = max_column_count - 2;
	col_phases = inv_ptr->count_solns;
	col_redox = col_phases + inv_ptr->phases.size();
	col_epsilon = col_redox + inv_ptr->count_redox_rxns;
	col_ph = col_epsilon + inv_ptr->elts.size() * inv_ptr->count_solns;
	col_water = col_ph + carbon * inv_ptr->count_solns;
	col_isotopes = col_water + 1;
	col_phase_isotopes =
		col_isotopes + inv_ptr->isotope_unknowns.size() * inv_ptr->count_solns;
	max_row_count = inv_ptr->count_solns * inv_ptr->elts.size() +	/* optimize */
		carbon * inv_ptr->count_solns +	/* optimize ph */
		1 +						/* optimize water */
		inv_ptr->count_solns * inv_ptr->isotope_unknowns.size() +	/* optimize isotopes */
		inv_ptr->isotopes.size() * inv_ptr->phases.size() +	/* optimize phase isotopes */
		inv_ptr->elts.size() +	/* mass balances */
		1 + 1 +					/* fractions, init and final */
		inv_ptr->count_solns +	/* charge balances */
		carbon * inv_ptr->count_solns +	/* dAlk = dC + dph */
		inv_ptr->isotopes.size() +	/* isotopes */
		2 * inv_ptr->count_solns * inv_ptr->elts.size() +	/* epsilon constraints */
		2 * carbon * inv_ptr->count_solns +	/* epsilon on ph */
		2 +						/* epsilon for water */
		2 * inv_ptr->isotope_unknowns.size() * inv_ptr->count_solns +	/* epsilon for isotopes */
		2 * inv_ptr->isotopes.size() * inv_ptr->phases.size() +	/* epsilon for isotopes in phases */
		2;						/* work space */

	row_mb = inv_ptr->count_solns * inv_ptr->elts.size() +
		carbon * inv_ptr->count_solns + 1 +
		inv_ptr->count_solns * inv_ptr->isotope_unknowns.size() +
		inv_ptr->isotopes.size() * inv_ptr->phases.size();
	row_fract = row_mb + inv_ptr->elts.size();
	row_charge = row_fract + 2;
	row_carbon = row_charge + inv_ptr->count_solns;
	row_isotopes = row_carbon + carbon * inv_ptr->count_solns;
	row_epsilon = row_isotopes + inv_ptr->isotopes.size();
/*   The next three are not right, some rows of epsilon are deleted */
/*
	row_ph_epsilon = row_epsilon + 2 * inv_ptr->count_solns * inv_ptr->count_elts; 
	row_water_epsilon = row_ph + 2 * carbon * inv_ptr->count_solns;
	row_isotope_epsilon
	row_isotope_phase_epsilon
 */
/*
 *   Malloc space for arrays
 */
	my_array.resize(max_column_count * max_row_count);
	array1.resize(max_column_count * max_row_count);
	col_name.resize(max_column_count);
	row_name.resize(max_row_count);
	delta.resize(max_column_count);
	inv_delta1.resize(max_column_count);
	delta2.resize(max_column_count);
	delta3.resize(max_column_count);
	delta_save.resize(max_column_count);
	min_delta.resize(max_column_count);
	max_delta.resize(max_column_count);
	inv_res.resize(max_row_count);

	if (max_column_count < max_row_count)
	{
		max = max_row_count;
	}
	else
	{
		max = max_column_count;
	}
	inv_zero.resize((size_t) max);
/*
 *   Define inv_zero and inv_zero array, delta
 */
	for (i = 0; i < (int) max; i++)
		inv_zero[i] = 0.0;

	memcpy((void *) &(delta[0]), (void *) &(inv_zero[0]),
		   (size_t) max_column_count * sizeof(LDBLE));
	memcpy((void *) &(min_delta[0]), (void *) &(inv_zero[0]),
		   (size_t) max_column_count * sizeof(LDBLE));
	memcpy((void *) &(max_delta[0]), (void *) &(inv_zero[0]),
		   (size_t) max_column_count * sizeof(LDBLE));
	for (i = 0; i < max_row_count; i++)
	{
		memcpy((void *) &(my_array[(size_t)i * max_column_count]), (void *) &(inv_zero[0]),
			   max_column_count * sizeof(LDBLE));
	}
/*
 *   begin filling array
 */
	count_rows = 0;
/*
 *   optimization
 */
	count_optimize = inv_ptr->count_solns * inv_ptr->elts.size() +	/* optimize */
		carbon * inv_ptr->count_solns +	/* optimize ph */
		1 +						/* optimize water */
		inv_ptr->count_solns * inv_ptr->isotope_unknowns.size() +	/* optimize isotopes */
		inv_ptr->isotopes.size() * inv_ptr->phases.size();	/* optimize phase isotopes */

	for (i = 0; i < count_optimize; i++)
	{
		row_name[count_rows] = string_hsave("optimize");
		count_rows++;
	}
	write_optimize_names(inv_ptr);
/*
 *   equalities
 */

/*
 *   Mass_balance: solution data
 */

	/* initialize master species */
	for (i = 0; i < (int)master.size(); i++)
	{
		master[i]->in = -1;
		if (strstr(master[i]->elt->name, "Alk") == master[i]->elt->name)
		{
			master_alk = master[i];
		}
	}
	/* mark master species included in model, write row names */
	count_rows_t = count_rows;
	i_alk = -1;
	i_carb = -1;
	for (i = 0; i < inv_ptr->elts.size(); i++)
	{
		master_ptr = inv_ptr->elts[i].master;
		if (master_ptr == master_alk)
			i_alk = i;
		if (strcmp(master_ptr->elt->name, "C(4)") == 0)
			i_carb = i;
		inv_ptr->elts[i].master->in = (int)count_rows_t;
		row_name[count_rows_t] = inv_ptr->elts[i].master->elt->name;
		count_rows_t++;
	}
	/* put concentrations in array */
	for (i = 0; i < inv_ptr->count_solns; i++)
	{
		xsolution_zero();
		solution_ptr = Utilities::Rxn_find(Rxn_solution_map, inv_ptr->solns[i]);
		if (solution_ptr == NULL)
		{
			error_string = sformatf( "Solution number %d not found.",
					inv_ptr->solns[i]);
			error_msg(error_string, STOP);
		}
		/* write master species concentrations */
		cxxNameDouble::iterator jit = solution_ptr->Get_totals().begin();
		for ( ; jit != solution_ptr->Get_totals().end(); jit++)
		{
			master_ptr = master_bsearch(jit->first.c_str());
			master_ptr->total += jit->second;
			/*   List elements not included in model */
			if (master_ptr->in < 0)
			{
				error_string = sformatf(
						"%s is included in solution %d, but is not included as a mass-balance constraint.",
						jit->first.c_str(),
						inv_ptr->solns[i]);
				warning_msg(error_string);
			}
		}
		master_alk->total = solution_ptr->Get_total_alkalinity();
		f = 1.0;
		if (i == (inv_ptr->count_solns - 1))
		{
			f = -1.0;
		}
		column = i;
		snprintf(token, sizeof(token), "soln %d", i);
		col_name[column] = string_hsave(token);
		for (j = 0; j < (int)master.size(); j++)
		{
			if (master[j]->in >= 0)
			{
				my_array[(size_t)master[j]->in * max_column_count + (size_t)i] =
					f * master[j]->total;
				if (master[j]->s == s_eminus)
				{
					my_array[(size_t)master[j]->in * max_column_count + (size_t)i] = 0.0;
				}
			}
		}
		/* calculate charge balance for elements in model */
		cb = 0;
		for (j = 0; j < (int)master.size(); j++)
		{
			if (master[j]->in >= 0)
			{
				if (master[j]->s == s_eminus)
				{
					coef = 0.0;
				}
				else if (master[j] == master_alk)
				{
					coef = -1.0;
				}
				else
				{
					coef = master[j]->s->z + master[j]->s->alk;
				}
				cb += coef * master[j]->total;
			}
		}
		if (fabs(cb) < toler)
			cb = 0.0;
		my_array[((size_t)row_charge + (size_t)i) * max_column_count + (size_t)i] = cb;
	}

/*   mass_balance: phase data */

	for (size_t i = 0; i < inv_ptr->phases.size(); i++)
	{
		phase_ptr = inv_ptr->phases[i].phase;
		rxn_ptr = &phase_ptr->rxn_s;
		column = col_phases + i;
		col_name[column] = phase_ptr->name;
		for (j = 1; rxn_ptr->token[j].s != NULL; j++)
		{
			if (rxn_ptr->token[j].s->secondary != NULL)
			{
				master_ptr = rxn_ptr->token[j].s->secondary;
			}
			else
			{
				master_ptr = rxn_ptr->token[j].s->primary;
			}
			if (master_ptr == NULL)
			{
				error_string = sformatf(
						"Setup_inverse, reaction for phase, %s.",
						phase_ptr->name);
				error_msg(error_string, STOP);
			}
			if (master_ptr->s == s_hplus)
				continue;
			if (master_ptr->s == s_h2o)
			{
				row = row_fract;
/* turn off h2o from minerals in water mass balance */
				if (inv_ptr->mineral_water != TRUE)
					continue;

			}
			else
			{
				row = master_ptr->in;
			}
			/* e- has coef of 0 for some reason */
			coef = master_ptr->coef;
			if (coef <= 0)
				coef = 1.0;
			my_array[(size_t)row * max_column_count + (size_t)column] =
				rxn_ptr->token[j].coef * coef;
		}
		row = master_alk->in;	/* include alkalinity for phase */
		my_array[(size_t)row * max_column_count + (size_t)column] = calc_alk(*rxn_ptr);
	}

/*   mass balance: redox reaction data */

	k = 0;
	for (i = 0; i < inv_ptr->elts.size(); i++)
	{
		if (inv_ptr->elts[i].master->s->primary == NULL)
		{
			coef = inv_ptr->elts[i].master->coef;
			rxn_ptr = &inv_ptr->elts[i].master->rxn_primary;
			column = col_redox + k;
			col_name[column] = inv_ptr->elts[i].master->elt->name;
			k++;
			for (j = 0; rxn_ptr->token[j].s != NULL; j++)
			{
				if (rxn_ptr->token[j].s->secondary != NULL)
				{
					master_ptr = rxn_ptr->token[j].s->secondary;
				}
				else
				{
					master_ptr = rxn_ptr->token[j].s->primary;
				}
				if (master_ptr == NULL)
				{
					error_string = sformatf(
							"Subroutine setup_inverse, element not found, %s.",
							rxn_ptr->token[j].s->name);
					error_msg(error_string, STOP);
				}
				if (master_ptr->s == s_hplus)
					continue;
				if (master_ptr->s == s_h2o)
				{
					row = row_fract;
/* turn off h2o from minerals in water mass balance */
					if (inv_ptr->mineral_water != TRUE)
						continue;
				}
				else
				{
					row = master_ptr->in;
				}
				assert(row * max_column_count + column < max_column_count * max_row_count);
				assert(row >= 0);
				assert(column >= 0);
				my_array[(size_t)row * max_column_count + (size_t)column] =
					rxn_ptr->token[j].coef;
				/* if coefficient of element is not 1.0 in master species */
				if (j != 0)
					my_array[(size_t)row * max_column_count + (size_t)column] /= coef;
			}
			row = master_alk->in;	/* include alkalinity for redox reaction */
			my_array[(size_t)row * max_column_count + (size_t)column] =
				(calc_alk(*rxn_ptr) - inv_ptr->elts[i].master->s->alk) / coef;
		}
	}

/*   mass-balance: epsilons */

	column = col_epsilon;
	for (i = 0; i < inv_ptr->elts.size(); i++)
	{
		row = inv_ptr->elts[i].master->in;
		for (j = 0; j < inv_ptr->count_solns; j++)
		{
			if (j < (inv_ptr->count_solns - 1))
			{
				my_array[(size_t)row * max_column_count + (size_t)column] = 1.0;
			}
			else
			{
				my_array[(size_t)row * max_column_count + (size_t)column] = -1.0;
			}
			if (inv_ptr->elts[i].master->s == s_eminus)
			{
				my_array[(size_t)row * max_column_count + (size_t)column] = 0.0;
			}
			snprintf(token, sizeof(token), "%s %d", row_name[row], j);
			col_name[column] = string_hsave(token);
			column++;
		}
	}
	count_rows += inv_ptr->elts.size();

/*   put names in col_name for ph */

	for (i = 0; i < inv_ptr->count_solns; i++)
	{
		snprintf(token, sizeof(token), "ph %d", i);
		col_name[column] = string_hsave(token);
		column++;
	}
/*   put names in col_name for water */

	snprintf(token, sizeof(token), "water");
	col_name[column] = string_hsave(token);
	column++;

/*   put names of isotopes in col_name */
	for (i = 0; i < inv_ptr->count_solns; i++)
	{
		for (j = 0; j < inv_ptr->isotope_unknowns.size(); j++)
		{
			snprintf(token, sizeof(token), "%d%s %d",
					(int) inv_ptr->isotope_unknowns[j].isotope_number,
					inv_ptr->isotope_unknowns[j].elt_name, i);
			col_name[column] = string_hsave(token);
			column++;
		}
	}

/*   put phase isotopes in col_name */

	if (inv_ptr->isotopes.size() > 0)
	{
		/* isotopes of phases phases */
		for (size_t i = 0; i < inv_ptr->phases.size(); i++)
		{
			for (j = 0; j < inv_ptr->isotopes.size(); j++)
			{
				snprintf(token, sizeof(token), "%d%s %s",
						(int) inv_ptr->isotopes[j].isotope_number,
						inv_ptr->isotopes[j].elt_name,
						inv_ptr->phases[i].phase->name);
				col_name[column] = string_hsave(token);
				column++;
			}
		}
	}
/*   
 *   Initial solution mixing fractions or water mass balance
 */
	for (i = 0; i < inv_ptr->count_solns; i++)
	{
		solution_ptr = Utilities::Rxn_find(Rxn_solution_map, inv_ptr->solns[i]);
		if (i < inv_ptr->count_solns - 1)
		{
			my_array[count_rows * max_column_count + (size_t)i] =
				1.0 / gfw_water * solution_ptr->Get_mass_water();
		}
		else
		{
			my_array[count_rows * max_column_count + (size_t)inv_ptr->count_solns - 1] =
				-1.0 / gfw_water * solution_ptr->Get_mass_water();
		}
	}
	/* coefficient for water uncertainty */
	if (inv_ptr->water_uncertainty > 0)
	{
		my_array[count_rows * max_column_count + (size_t)col_water] = 1.0;
	}
	row_name[count_rows] = string_hsave("H2O");
	row_water = count_rows;
	count_rows++;

/*
 *   Final solution fraction equals 1.0
 */

	my_array[count_rows * max_column_count + (size_t)inv_ptr->count_solns - 1] = 1.0;
	my_array[count_rows * max_column_count + count_unknowns] = 1.0;
	row_name[count_rows] = string_hsave("fract, final");
	count_rows++;

/*
 *   Charge balance:
 */

	for (i = 0; i < inv_ptr->count_solns; i++)
	{
/*		solution_ptr = solution_bsearch(inv_ptr->solns[i], &j, TRUE); */
/*		array[count_rows * max_column_count + (size_t)i] = solution_ptr->cb; */
		for (j = 0; j < inv_ptr->elts.size(); j++)
		{
			column = col_epsilon + j * inv_ptr->count_solns + i;
			coef =
				inv_ptr->elts[j].master->s->z +
				inv_ptr->elts[j].master->s->alk;
			if (inv_ptr->elts[j].master == master_alk)
			{
				coef = -1.0;
			}
			my_array[count_rows * max_column_count + (size_t)column] = coef;
			if (inv_ptr->elts[j].master->s == s_eminus)
			{
				my_array[count_rows * max_column_count + (size_t)column] = 0.0;
			}
		}
		snprintf(token, sizeof(token), "%s %d", "charge", i);
		row_name[count_rows] = string_hsave(token);
		count_rows++;
	}
/*
 *   dC = (dC/dph)*dph + (dC/dAlk)*dAlk for each solution
 */
/*
 *   dAlk = (dAlk/dC)*dC + (dAlk/dpH)*dpH for each solution
 */
	for (i = 0; i < inv_ptr->count_solns; i++)
	{
		if (inv_ptr->dalk_dph[i] != 0 || inv_ptr->dalk_dc[i] != 0)
		{
			column = col_ph + i;
			my_array[count_rows * max_column_count + (size_t)column] =
				inv_ptr->dalk_dph[i];
			column = col_epsilon + i_alk * inv_ptr->count_solns + i;
			my_array[count_rows * max_column_count + (size_t)column] = -1.0;
			column = col_epsilon + i_carb * inv_ptr->count_solns + i;
			my_array[count_rows * max_column_count + (size_t)column] =
				inv_ptr->dalk_dc[i];
		}
		snprintf(token, sizeof(token), "%s %d", "dAlk", i);
		row_name[count_rows] = string_hsave(token);
		count_rows++;
	}
/*
 *   Isotope mass balances
 */
	if (get_input_errors() > 0)
	{
		error_msg("Stopping because of input errors.", STOP);
	}
	if (inv_ptr->isotopes.size() != 0)
	{
		for (size_t j = 0; j < inv_ptr->isotopes.size(); j++)
		{
			isotope_balance_equation(inv_ptr, (int)count_rows, (int)j);
			snprintf(token, sizeof(token), "%d%s", (int) inv_ptr->isotopes[j].isotope_number,
					inv_ptr->isotopes[j].elt_name);
			row_name[count_rows] = string_hsave(token);
			count_rows++;
		}
	}
/*
 *   inequalities
 */
	row_epsilon = count_rows;
	for (i = 0; i < inv_ptr->count_solns; i++)
	{
		for (j = 0; j < inv_ptr->elts.size(); j++)
		{
			if (inv_ptr->elts[j].master->s == s_eminus)
				continue;
			column = col_epsilon + j * inv_ptr->count_solns + i;

/* calculate magnitude of bound */

			coef = inv_ptr->elts[j].uncertainties[i];
			if (coef <= 0.0)
			{
				coef = -coef;
			}
			else
			{
				coef = my_array[(size_t)inv_ptr->elts[j].master->in * 
					max_column_count + (size_t)i] * coef;
				coef = fabs(coef);
			}

			if (coef < toler)
				coef = 0;

/* zero column if uncertainty is zero */
			if (coef == 0.0)
			{
				for (k = 0; k < count_rows; k++)
				{
					my_array[(size_t)k * max_column_count + (size_t)column] = 0.0;
				}
				continue;
			}

/*  this statement probably obviates some of the following logic. */
/*			coef += toler; */

/* scale epsilon optimization equation */

			if (coef < toler)
			{
				my_array[((size_t)column - (size_t)col_epsilon) * max_column_count + (size_t)column] =
					SCALE_EPSILON / toler;
			}
			else
			{
				my_array[((size_t)column - (size_t)col_epsilon) * max_column_count + (size_t)column] =
					SCALE_EPSILON / coef;
			}

/* set upper limit of change in positive direction */
			if (coef < toler)
			{
				coef = toler;
				f = 10;
			}
			else
			{
				f = 1.0;
			}
			my_array[count_rows * max_column_count + (size_t)column] = 1.0 * f;
			my_array[count_rows * max_column_count + (size_t)i] = -coef * f;
			snprintf(token, sizeof(token), "%s %s", inv_ptr->elts[j].master->elt->name, "eps+");
			row_name[count_rows] = string_hsave(token);
			count_rows++;

/* set lower limit of change in negative direction */
			conc = my_array[(size_t)inv_ptr->elts[j].master->in * max_column_count + (size_t)i];

			/* if concentration is zero, only positive direction allowed */
			if (conc == 0.0)
			{
				delta[column] = 1.0;
				continue;
			}
			/* if uncertainty is less than tolerance, set uncertainty to toler */
			if (coef <= toler)
			{
/*				f = 10 * toler / coef; */
				coef = toler;
				f = 10;
			}
			else
			{
				f = 1.0;
			}
			/* if uncertainty is greater than concentration,
			   maximum negative is equal to concentrations,
			   except alkalinity */
			if (coef > fabs(conc) &&
				(strstr(inv_ptr->elts[j].master->elt->name, "Alkalinity") !=
				 inv_ptr->elts[j].master->elt->name))
				coef = fabs(conc) + toler;

			my_array[count_rows * max_column_count + (size_t)i] = -coef * f;
			my_array[count_rows * max_column_count + (size_t)column] = -1.0 * f;
			snprintf(token, sizeof(token), "%s %s", inv_ptr->elts[j].master->elt->name,
					"eps-");
			row_name[count_rows] = string_hsave(token);
			count_rows++;
		}
	}
/*
 *   inequalities for pH
 */
	/* row_ph_epsilon = count_rows; */
	if (inv_ptr->carbon == TRUE)
	{
		for (i = 0; i < inv_ptr->count_solns; i++)
		{
			column = col_ph + i;
			coef = inv_ptr->ph_uncertainties[i];

/* scale epsilon in optimization equation */

			my_array[((size_t)column - (size_t)col_epsilon) * max_column_count + (size_t)column] =
				SCALE_EPSILON / coef;

/* set upper limit of change in positive direction */

			my_array[count_rows * max_column_count + (size_t)column] = 1.0;
			my_array[count_rows * max_column_count + (size_t)i] = -coef;
			snprintf(token, sizeof(token), "%s %s", "pH", "eps+");
			row_name[count_rows] = string_hsave(token);
			count_rows++;

/* set lower limit of change in negative direction */

			my_array[count_rows * max_column_count + (size_t)column] = -1.0;
			my_array[count_rows * max_column_count + (size_t)i] = -coef;
			snprintf(token, sizeof(token), "%s %s", "pH", "eps-");
			row_name[count_rows] = string_hsave(token);
			count_rows++;
		}
	}
/*
 *   inequalities for water
 */
	column = col_water;
	coef = inv_ptr->water_uncertainty;
	/* row_water_epsilon = count_rows; */
	if (coef > 0.0)
	{
/* set upper limit of change in positive direction */
		my_array[count_rows * max_column_count + (size_t)column] = 1.0;
		my_array[count_rows * max_column_count + count_unknowns] = coef;
		snprintf(token, sizeof(token), "%s %s", "water", "eps+");
		row_name[count_rows] = string_hsave(token);
		count_rows++;

/* set lower limit of change in negative direction */

		my_array[count_rows * max_column_count + (size_t)column] = -1.0;
		my_array[count_rows * max_column_count + count_unknowns] = coef;
		snprintf(token, sizeof(token), "%s %s", "water", "eps-");
		row_name[count_rows] = string_hsave(token);
		count_rows++;
	}
/*
 *   inequalities for isotopes
 */
	row_isotope_epsilon = count_rows;
	if (inv_ptr->isotopes.size() > 0)
	{
		for (i = 0; i < inv_ptr->count_solns; i++)
		{
			solution_ptr = Utilities::Rxn_find(Rxn_solution_map, inv_ptr->solns[i]);
			for (j = 0; j < inv_ptr->isotope_unknowns.size(); j++)
			{
				column =
					col_isotopes + (i * inv_ptr->isotope_unknowns.size()) + j;
				master_ptr = inv_ptr->isotope_unknowns[j].master;
				isotope_number = inv_ptr->isotope_unknowns[j].isotope_number;
				std::map < std::string, cxxSolutionIsotope >::iterator kit = solution_ptr->Get_isotopes().begin();
				for ( ; kit != solution_ptr->Get_isotopes().end(); kit++)
				{
					class master *master_kit = master_bsearch(kit->second.Get_elt_name().c_str());
					if (master_kit == master_ptr &&
						kit->second.Get_isotope_number() ==
						isotope_number)
					{
						coef = kit->second.Get_x_ratio_uncertainty();

/* scale epsilon in optimization equation */

						my_array[((size_t)column - (size_t)col_epsilon) * max_column_count +
							(size_t)column] = SCALE_EPSILON / coef;

/* set upper limit of change in positive direction */
						my_array[count_rows * max_column_count + (size_t)column] = 1.0;
						my_array[count_rows * max_column_count + (size_t)i] = -coef;
						snprintf(token, sizeof(token), "%d%s %s",
								(int) kit->second.Get_isotope_number(),
								kit->second.Get_elt_name().c_str(), "eps+");
						row_name[count_rows] = string_hsave(token);
						count_rows++;

/* set lower limit of change in negative direction */

						my_array[count_rows * max_column_count + (size_t)column] = -1.0;
						my_array[count_rows * max_column_count + (size_t)i] = -coef;
						snprintf(token, sizeof(token), "%d%s %s",
								(int) kit->second.Get_isotope_number(),
								kit->second.Get_elt_name().c_str(), "eps-");
						row_name[count_rows] = string_hsave(token);
						count_rows++;
						break;
					}
				}
			}
		}
	}
/*
 *   inequalities for isotopes in phases
 */
	/*      row_isotope_phase_epsilon = count_rows; */
	phase_isotope_inequalities(inv_ptr);
	if (get_input_errors() > 0)
	{
		error_msg("Stopping because of input errors.", STOP);
	}
/*
 *   Set non-negativity constraints
 */

	for (size_t i = 0; i < inv_ptr->phases.size(); i++)
	{
		if (inv_ptr->phases[i].constraint == PRECIPITATE)
		{
			delta[(size_t)col_phases + (size_t)i] = -1.0;
		}
		else if (inv_ptr->phases[i].constraint == DISSOLVE)
		{
			delta[(size_t)col_phases + (size_t)i] = 1.0;
		}
	}
	for (i = 0; i < (inv_ptr->count_solns - 1); i++)
	{
		delta[i] = 1.0;
	}
/*
 *   Scale water equation
 */
	for (i = 0; i < max_column_count; i++)
	{
		my_array[(size_t)row_water * max_column_count + (size_t)i] *= SCALE_WATER;
	}
/*
 *   Arrays are complete
 */
	if (debug_inverse == TRUE)
	{
		for (i = 0; i < count_unknowns; i++)
		{
			output_msg(sformatf( "%d\t%s\n", i, col_name[i]));
		}
		for (i = 0; i < count_rows; i++)
		{
			k = 0;
			output_msg(sformatf( "%d\t%s\n", i, row_name[i]));
			for (j = 0; j < count_unknowns + 1; j++)
			{
				if (k > 7)
				{
					output_msg(sformatf( "\n"));
					k = 0;
				}
				output_msg(sformatf("%11.2e",
					(double)my_array[(size_t)i * max_column_count + (size_t)j]));
				k++;
			}
			if (k != 0)
			{
				output_msg(sformatf( "\n"));
			}
			output_msg(sformatf( "\n"));
		}
		output_msg(sformatf( "row_mb %d\n", row_mb));
		output_msg(sformatf( "row_fract %d\n", row_fract));
		output_msg(sformatf( "row_charge %d\n", row_charge));
		output_msg(sformatf( "row_carbon %d\n", row_carbon));
		output_msg(sformatf( "row_isotopes %d\n", row_isotopes));
		output_msg(sformatf( "row_epsilon %d\n", row_epsilon));

		output_msg(sformatf( "col_phases %d\n", col_phases));
		output_msg(sformatf( "col_redox %d\n", col_redox));
		output_msg(sformatf( "col_epsilon %d\n", col_epsilon));
		output_msg(sformatf( "col_ph %d\n", col_ph));
		output_msg(sformatf( "col_water %d\n", col_water));
		output_msg(sformatf( "col_isotopes %d\n", col_isotopes));
		output_msg(sformatf( "col_phase_isotopes %d\n",
				   col_phase_isotopes));
		output_msg(sformatf( "count_unknowns %d\n", count_unknowns));
	}
	return (OK);
}
/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
int Phreeqc::
solve_inverse(class inverse *inv_ptr)
/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
{
/*
 *   Exhaustively search for mass-balance models with two options
 *      -minimal on or off
 *      -range   on or off
 *      
 */
	int i, j, n;
	int quit, print, first;
	int first_of_model_size, model_size;
	unsigned long minimal_bits, good_bits;
	char token[MAX_LENGTH];

	n = (int)count_unknowns;			/* columns in A, C, E */
	klmd = (max_row_count - 2);
	nklmd = (n + klmd);
	n2d = (size_t)n + 2;

	max_good = MAX_MODELS;
	max_bad = MAX_MODELS;
	max_minimal = MAX_MODELS;

	good.resize(max_good);
	count_good = 0;

	bad.resize(max_bad);
	count_bad = 0;

	minimal.resize(max_minimal);
	count_minimal = 0;

	col_back.resize(max_column_count);
	row_back.resize(max_row_count);

/*
 *   Allocate space for arrays
 */
	inv_cu.resize( 2 * (size_t)nklmd);
	memset(&inv_cu[0], 0, ((2 * nklmd * sizeof(LDBLE))));
	inv_iu.resize(2 * nklmd);
	inv_is.resize(klmd);

	for (i = 0; i < 79; i++)
		token[i] = '=';
	token[79] = '\0';
/*
 *   Set solutions, largest bit is final solution, smallest bit is initial solution 1 
 *   Set phases, largest bit is last phase, smallest bit is first phase
 *   Set current bits to complete list.
 */
	soln_bits = 0;
	if (inv_ptr->count_solns + inv_ptr->phases.size() > 32)
	{
		error_msg
			("For inverse modeling, sum of initial solutions and phases must be <= 32.\n\tFor all reasonable calculations, the sum should be much less than 32.",
			 STOP);
	}
	for (size_t i = inv_ptr->count_solns; i > 0; i--)
	{
		temp_bits = 1 << (i - 1);
		soln_bits += temp_bits;
	}
	if (check_solns(inv_ptr) == ERROR)
	{
		error_msg("Calculations terminating.", STOP);
	}
/*
 *   solutions are in highest bits, phases are in lower bits;
 */
/*
 *   All combinations of solutions 
 */
	first = TRUE;
	for (; get_bits(soln_bits, (int)(inv_ptr->count_solns - 2),
		 (int)(inv_ptr->count_solns - 1)) > 0; soln_bits--)
	{
/*
 *   Loop through all models of of descending size
 */
		for (model_size = (int)inv_ptr->phases.size(); model_size >= 0; model_size--)
		{
			first_of_model_size = TRUE;
			quit = TRUE;
			while (next_set_phases(inv_ptr, first_of_model_size, model_size) == TRUE)
			{
				first_of_model_size = FALSE;
				current_bits = (soln_bits << inv_ptr->phases.size()) + phase_bits;

				if (subset_bad(current_bits) == TRUE
					|| subset_minimal(current_bits) == TRUE)
					continue;
				quit = FALSE;
/*  
 *   Switch for finding minimal models only
 */
				if (inv_ptr->minimal == TRUE
					&& superset_minimal(current_bits) == TRUE)
					continue;
/*
 *   Solve for minimum epsilons, continue if no solution found.  
 */
				if (solve_with_mask(inv_ptr, current_bits) == ERROR)
				{
					save_bad(current_bits);
					if (first == TRUE)
					{
						post_mortem();
						quit = TRUE;
						break;
					}
					else
					{
						continue;
					}
				}
				first = FALSE;
/*
 *   Model has been found, set bits 
 */
				good_bits = current_bits;
				for (size_t i = 0; i < inv_ptr->phases.size(); i++)
				{
					if (equal(inv_delta1[i + inv_ptr->count_solns], 0.0, TOL) == TRUE)
					{
						good_bits = set_bit(good_bits, (int)i, 0);
					}
				}
				for (size_t i = 0; i < inv_ptr->count_solns; i++)
				{
					if (equal(inv_delta1[i], 0.0, TOL) == TRUE)
					{
						good_bits = set_bit(good_bits, (int)(i + inv_ptr->phases.size()), 0);
					}
				}
/*
 *   Determine if model is new
 */
				for (j = 0; j < count_good; j++)
				{
					if (good_bits == good[j])
						break;
				}
/*
 *  Calculate ranges and print model only if NOT looking for minimal models
 */
				print = FALSE;
				if (j >= count_good && inv_ptr->minimal == FALSE)
				{
					print = TRUE;
					save_good(good_bits);
					if (inv_ptr->range == TRUE)
					{
						range(inv_ptr, good_bits);
					}
					print_model(inv_ptr);
					punch_model(inv_ptr);
					dump_netpath_pat(inv_ptr);
				}
/*
 *   If superset of a minimal model continue
 */
				minimal_bits = good_bits;
				if (superset_minimal(minimal_bits) == TRUE)
				{
					if (print == TRUE)
					{
						if (pr.inverse == TRUE && pr.all == TRUE)
						{
							output_msg(sformatf( "%s\n\n", token));
						}
					}
					continue;
				}
/*
 *   If not superset of minimal model, find minimal model
 */
				minimal_bits = minimal_solve(inv_ptr, minimal_bits);
				if (minimal_bits == good_bits && print == TRUE)
				{
					if (pr.inverse == TRUE && pr.all == TRUE)
					{
						output_msg(sformatf(
								   "\nModel contains minimum number of phases.\n"));
					}
				}
				if (print == TRUE)
				{
					if (pr.inverse == TRUE && pr.all == TRUE)
					{
						output_msg(sformatf( "%s\n\n", token));
					}
				}
				for (j = 0; j < count_good; j++)
				{
					if (minimal_bits == good[j])
						break;
				}
				if (j >= count_good)
				{
					save_good(minimal_bits);
					if (inv_ptr->range == TRUE)
					{
						range(inv_ptr, minimal_bits);
					}
					print_model(inv_ptr);
					if (pr.inverse == TRUE && pr.all == TRUE)
					{
						output_msg(sformatf(
								   "\nModel contains minimum number of phases.\n"));
						output_msg(sformatf( "%s\n\n", token));
					}
					punch_model(inv_ptr);
					dump_netpath_pat(inv_ptr);
				}
				save_minimal(minimal_bits);
			}
			if (quit == TRUE)
				break;
		}
	}
/*
 *   Summary print
 */
	if (pr.inverse == TRUE && pr.all == TRUE)
	{
		output_msg(sformatf( "\nSummary of inverse modeling:\n\n"));
		output_msg(sformatf( "\tNumber of models found: %d\n",
				   count_good));
		output_msg(sformatf( "\tNumber of minimal models found: %d\n",
				   count_minimal));
		output_msg(sformatf(
				   "\tNumber of infeasible sets of phases saved: %d\n",
				   count_bad));
		output_msg(sformatf( "\tNumber of calls to cl1: %d\n",
				   count_calls));
	}
	my_array.clear();
	delta.clear();
	array1.clear();
	inv_zero.clear();
	inv_res.clear();
	inv_delta1.clear();
	delta2.clear();
	delta3.clear();
	delta_save.clear();
	inv_cu.clear();
	inv_iu.clear();
	inv_is.clear();
	col_name.clear();
	row_name.clear();
	col_back.clear();
	row_back.clear();
	min_delta.clear();
	max_delta.clear();
	good.clear();
	bad.clear();
	minimal.clear();

	return (OK);
}

/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
unsigned long Phreeqc::
minimal_solve(class inverse *inv_ptr, unsigned long minimal_bits)
/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
{
/*
 *   Starting with phases indicated in minimal bits, sequentially
 *   remove phases to find minimal solution
 */
	unsigned long temp_bits_l;
	if (debug_inverse == TRUE)
	{
		output_msg(sformatf( "Beginning minimal solve: \n"));
		bit_print(minimal_bits, (int)(inv_ptr->phases.size() + inv_ptr->count_solns));
	}
	for (size_t i = 0; i < inv_ptr->phases.size() + inv_ptr->count_solns - 1; i++)
	{
		if (get_bits(minimal_bits, (int)i, 1) == 0)
			continue;
		temp_bits_l = 1 << (int)i;	/* 0's and one 1 */
		temp_bits_l = ~temp_bits_l;	/* 1's and one 0 */
		minimal_bits = minimal_bits & temp_bits_l;
		if (debug_inverse == TRUE)
		{
			output_msg(sformatf( "Solving for minimal\n"));
			bit_print(minimal_bits, (int)(inv_ptr->phases.size() + inv_ptr->count_solns));
		}

/*
 *   minimal_bits cannot be superset of a minimal model, but
 *   could be subset of one of the sets of minerals with no feasible solution
 *   If it is a subset, then replace mineral and go on to next 
 */
		if (subset_bad(minimal_bits) == TRUE)
		{
			/* put bit back */
			minimal_bits = minimal_bits | ~temp_bits_l;	/* 0's and one 1 */
			continue;
		}
		if (solve_with_mask(inv_ptr, minimal_bits) == ERROR)
		{
			save_bad(minimal_bits);
			/* put bit back */
			minimal_bits = minimal_bits | ~temp_bits_l;	/* 0's and one 1 */
		}

	}
	if (debug_inverse == TRUE)
	{
		output_msg(sformatf( "\n\nMINIMAL MODEL\n\n"));
		bit_print(minimal_bits, (int)(inv_ptr->phases.size() + inv_ptr->count_solns));
	}

	solve_with_mask(inv_ptr, minimal_bits);
	unsigned long actual_bits = 0;
	for (size_t i = 0; i < inv_ptr->count_solns; i++)
	{
		if (equal(inv_delta1[i], 0.0, TOL) == FALSE)
		{
			actual_bits = set_bit(actual_bits, (int)(i + inv_ptr->phases.size()), 1);
		}
	}
	for (size_t i = 0; i < inv_ptr->phases.size(); i++)
	{
		if (equal(inv_delta1[i + inv_ptr->count_solns], 0.0, TOL) == FALSE)
		{
			actual_bits = set_bit(actual_bits, (int)i, 1);
		}
	}
	if (actual_bits != minimal_bits)
	{
		warning_msg("Roundoff errors in minimal calculation");
	}
	return (actual_bits);
}

/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
int Phreeqc::
solve_with_mask(class inverse *inv_ptr, unsigned long cur_bits)
/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
{
/*
 *   Uses cur_bits to zero out columns of the array and then solves.
 */
	int i, k, l, m, n;

/*
 *   Calculate dimensions
 */
	k = (int)row_mb;					/* rows in A */
	l = (int)(row_epsilon - row_mb);	/* rows in C */
	m = (int)(count_rows - row_epsilon);	/* rows in E */
	n = (int)count_unknowns;



	memcpy((void *) &(inv_res[0]), (void *) &(inv_zero[0]),
		   (size_t) max_row_count * sizeof(LDBLE));
	memcpy((void *) &(delta2[0]), (void *) &(delta[0]),
		   (size_t) max_column_count * sizeof(LDBLE));
	memcpy((void *) &(delta_save[0]), (void *) &(inv_zero[0]),
		   (size_t) max_column_count * sizeof(LDBLE));

	shrink(inv_ptr, &my_array[0], &array1[0],
		   &k, &l, &m, &n, cur_bits, &delta2[0], &col_back[0], &row_back[0]);
	/*
	 *  Save delta constraints
	 */
	for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
	{
		delta_save[col_back[i]] = delta2[i];
	}


	if (debug_inverse == TRUE)
	{
		output_msg(sformatf( "\nColumns\n"));
		for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
		{
			output_msg(sformatf( "\t%d\t%s\n", i,
					   col_name[col_back[i]]));
		}

		output_msg(sformatf( "\nRows\n"));
		for (i = 0; i < k + l + m; i++)
		{
			output_msg(sformatf( "\t%d\t%s\n", i,
					   row_name[row_back[i]]));
		}

		output_msg(sformatf( "\nA and B arrays:\n\n"));
		array_print(&array1[0], k + l + m, n + 1, (int)max_column_count);

		output_msg(sformatf( "\nInput delta vector:\n"));
		for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
		{
			output_msg(sformatf( "%6d  %-12.12s %10.2e", i,
					   col_name[col_back[i]], (double) delta2[i]));
			output_msg(sformatf( "\n"));
		}

		for (i = 0; i < k + l + m; i++)
		{
			if (inv_res[i] == 0)
				continue;
			output_msg(sformatf( "\nInput inv_res is non zero:\n"));
			output_msg(sformatf( "%6d  %-12.12s %10.2e", i,
					   row_name[row_back[i]], (double) inv_res[i]));
			output_msg(sformatf( "\n"));
		}
	}
/*
 *   Call CL1
 */

	if (debug_inverse == TRUE)
	{
		output_msg(sformatf(
				   "k, l, m, n, max_col, max_row\t%d\t%d\t%d\t%d\t%d\t%d\n",
				   k, l, m, n, max_column_count, max_row_count));
	}

	kode = 1;
	iter = 100000;
	count_calls++;
#ifdef INVERSE_CL1MP
	if (inv_ptr->mp == TRUE)
	{
		cl1mp(k, l, m, n, (int)nklmd, (int)n2d, &array1[0],
			  &kode, inv_ptr->mp_tolerance, &iter, &delta2[0], &inv_res[0],
			  &error, &inv_cu[0], &inv_iu[0], &inv_is[0], TRUE, inv_ptr->mp_censor);
	}
	else
	{
		cl1(k, l, m, n, (int)nklmd, (int)n2d, &array1[0],
			&kode, toler, &iter, &delta2[0], &inv_res[0],
			&error, &inv_cu[0], &inv_iu[0], &inv_is[0], TRUE);
	}
#else
	cl1(k, l, m, n, (int)nklmd, (int)n2d, &array1[0],
		&kode, toler, &iter, &delta2[0], &inv_res[0], 
		&error, &inv_cu[0], &inv_iu[0], &inv_is[0], TRUE);
#endif
	if (kode == 3)
	{
		error_string = sformatf(
				"Exceeded maximum iterations in inverse modeling: %d.\n"
				"Recompile program with larger limit.", iter);
		error_msg(error_string, STOP);
	}
	memcpy((void *) &(inv_delta1[0]), (void *) &(inv_zero[0]),
		   (size_t) max_column_count * sizeof(LDBLE));
	for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
	{
		inv_delta1[col_back[i]] = delta2[i];
	}

/*
 *   Debug, write results 
 */

	if (debug_inverse == TRUE)
	{
		output_msg(sformatf( "kode: %d\titer: %d\terror: %e\n", kode,
				   iter, (double) error));
		output_msg(sformatf( "\nsolution vector:\n"));
		for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
		{
			output_msg(sformatf( "%6d  %-12.12s %10.2e", i,
					   col_name[col_back[i]], (double) delta2[i]));
			output_msg(sformatf( "\n"));
		}

		output_msg(sformatf( "\nresidual vector:\n"));
		for (i = 0; i < (k + l + m); i++)
		{
			output_msg(sformatf( "%6d  %-12.12s %10.2e\n", i,
					   row_name[row_back[i]], (double) inv_res[i]));
		}
	}

	if (kode != 0)
	{
		return (ERROR);
	}
	return (OK);
}

/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
unsigned long Phreeqc::
get_bits(unsigned long bits, int position, int number)
/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
{
/*
 *   Returns number of bits from position and below.
 *   position begins at 0.
 */
	return ((bits >> (position + 1 - number)) & ~(~0ul << number));
}

/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
int Phreeqc::
save_minimal(unsigned long bits)
/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
{
/*
 *   Keeps list of minimal models
 */
	minimal[count_minimal] = bits;
	count_minimal++;
	if (count_minimal >= max_minimal)
	{
		max_minimal *= 2;
		minimal.resize(max_minimal);
	}
	return (TRUE);
}

/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
int Phreeqc::
save_good(unsigned long bits)
/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
{
/*
 *   Keeps list of good models, not necessarily minimal
 */
	good[count_good] = bits;
	count_good++;
	if (count_good >= max_good)
	{
		max_good *= 2;
		good.resize(max_good);
	}
	return (TRUE);
}

/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
int Phreeqc::
save_bad(unsigned long bits)
/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
{
/*
 *   Keeps list of sets of phases with no feasible solution
 */
	bad[count_bad] = bits;
	count_bad++;
	if (count_bad >= max_bad)
	{
		max_bad *= 2;
		bad.resize(max_bad);
	}
	return (TRUE);
}

/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
int Phreeqc::
superset_minimal(unsigned long bits)
/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
{
/*
 *   Checks whether bits is a superset of any of the minimal models
 */
	int i;
	unsigned long temp_bits_l;
	for (i = 0; i < count_minimal; i++)
	{
		temp_bits_l = bits | minimal[i];
		if (temp_bits_l == bits)
		{
			return (TRUE);
		}
	}
	return (FALSE);
}

/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
int Phreeqc::
subset_bad(unsigned long bits)
/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
{
/*
 *   Checks whether bits is a superset of any of the bad models
 */
	int i;
	unsigned long temp_bits_l;
	for (i = 0; i < count_bad; i++)
	{
		temp_bits_l = bits | bad[i];
		if (temp_bits_l == bad[i])
		{
			return (TRUE);
		}
	}
	return (FALSE);
}

/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
int Phreeqc::
subset_minimal(unsigned long bits)
/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
{
/*
 *   Checks whether bits is a subset of any of the minimal models
 */
	int i;
	unsigned long temp_bits_l;
	for (i = 0; i < count_minimal; i++)
	{
		temp_bits_l = bits | minimal[i];
		if (temp_bits_l == minimal[i])
		{
			return (TRUE);
		}
	}
	return (FALSE);
}

/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
int Phreeqc::
bit_print(unsigned long bits, int l)
/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
{
/*
 *   Prints l bits of an unsigned long
 */
	int i;

	for (i = l - 1; i >= 0; i--)
	{
		output_msg(sformatf( "%lu  ", get_bits(bits, i, 1)));
	}
	output_msg(sformatf( "\n"));
	return (OK);
}
/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
int Phreeqc::
print_model(class inverse *inv_ptr)
/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
{
/*
 *   Prints model
 */
	int i, j;
	size_t column;
	int print_msg;
	cxxSolution *solution_ptr;
	class master *master_ptr;
	LDBLE d1, d2, d3, d4;
	char token[MAX_LENGTH];
/*
 *   Update screen
 */
	status(count_good, NULL);
/*
 *   print solution data, epsilons, and revised data
 */
	if (pr.inverse == FALSE || pr.all == FALSE)
		return (OK);
	max_pct = 0;
	scaled_error = 0;
	for (i = 0; i < inv_ptr->count_solns; i++)
	{
		if (equal(inv_delta1[i], 0.0, toler) == TRUE)
			continue;
		solution_ptr = Utilities::Rxn_find(Rxn_solution_map, inv_ptr->solns[i]);
		xsolution_zero();
		cxxNameDouble::iterator jit = solution_ptr->Get_totals().begin();
		for ( ; jit != solution_ptr->Get_totals().end(); jit++)
		{
			master_ptr = master_bsearch(jit->first.c_str());
			master_ptr->total = jit->second;
		}

		output_msg(sformatf( "\nSolution %d: %s\n", inv_ptr->solns[i],
				   solution_ptr->Get_description().c_str()));
		output_msg(sformatf(
				   "\n%15.15s   %12.12s   %12.12s   %12.12s\n", "  ",
				   "Input", "Delta", "Input+Delta"));
		master_alk->total = solution_ptr->Get_total_alkalinity();
		if (inv_ptr->carbon == TRUE)
		{
			d1 = solution_ptr->Get_ph();
			d2 = inv_delta1[col_ph + i] / inv_delta1[i];
			d3 = d1 + d2;
			if (equal(d1, 0.0, MIN_TOTAL_INVERSE) == TRUE)
				d1 = 0.0;
			if (equal(d2, 0.0, MIN_TOTAL_INVERSE) == TRUE)
				d2 = 0.0;
			if (equal(d3, 0.0, MIN_TOTAL_INVERSE) == TRUE)
				d3 = 0.0;
			output_msg(sformatf(
					   "%15.15s   %12.3e  +%12.3e  =%12.3e\n", "pH",
					   (double) d1, (double) d2, (double) d3));
			if (inv_ptr->ph_uncertainties[i] > 0)
			{
				scaled_error += fabs(d2) / inv_ptr->ph_uncertainties[i];
/* debug 
				output_msg(sformatf( "%e\t%e\t%e\n", fabs(d2) / inv_ptr->ph_uncertainties[i], fabs(d2), inv_ptr->ph_uncertainties[i]));
 */
			}
			else if (d2 != 0.0)
			{
				error_msg("Computing delta pH/uncertainty", CONTINUE);
			}
		}
		for (j = 0; j < inv_ptr->elts.size(); j++)
		{
			if (inv_ptr->elts[j].master->s == s_eminus)
				continue;
			d1 = inv_ptr->elts[j].master->total;
			d2 = inv_delta1[col_epsilon + j * inv_ptr->count_solns +
						i] / inv_delta1[i];
			d3 = d1 + d2;

			if (equal(d1, 0.0, MIN_TOTAL_INVERSE) == TRUE)
				d1 = 0.0;
			if (equal(d2, 0.0, MIN_TOTAL_INVERSE) == TRUE)
				d2 = 0.0;
			if (equal(d3, 0.0, MIN_TOTAL_INVERSE) == TRUE)
				d3 = 0.0;

			output_msg(sformatf(
					   "%15.15s   %12.3e  +%12.3e  =%12.3e\n",
					   inv_ptr->elts[j].master->elt->name, (double) d1,
					   (double) d2, (double) d3));
			if (equal(d1, 0.0, MIN_TOTAL_INVERSE) == FALSE)
			{
				d3 = fabs(d2 / d1);
				if (d3 > max_pct)
					max_pct = d3;
			}
			d4 = 0;
			if (inv_ptr->elts[j].uncertainties[i] > 0)
			{
				d4 = fabs(inv_ptr->elts[j].uncertainties[i] * d1);
			}
			else if (inv_ptr->elts[j].uncertainties[i] < 0)
			{
				d4 = -inv_ptr->elts[j].uncertainties[i];
			}
			if (d4 > 0)
			{
				scaled_error += fabs(d2) / d4;
/* debug 
				output_msg(sformatf( "%e\t%e\t%e\n", fabs(d2) / d4, fabs(d2), d4));
 */
			}
			else if (d2 != 0.0)
			{
				error_msg("Computing delta element/uncertainty", CONTINUE);
			}
		}
		if (inv_ptr->isotopes.size() > 0)
		{
			/* adjustments to solution isotope composition */
			for (j = 0; j < inv_ptr->isotope_unknowns.size(); j++)
			{
				std::map < std::string, cxxSolutionIsotope >::iterator kit = solution_ptr->Get_isotopes().begin();
				for ( ; kit != solution_ptr->Get_isotopes().end(); kit++)
				{
					if (inv_ptr->isotope_unknowns[j].elt_name !=
						string_hsave(kit->second.Get_elt_name().c_str()) ||
						inv_ptr->isotope_unknowns[j].isotope_number !=
						kit->second.Get_isotope_number())
						continue;
					d1 = kit->second.Get_ratio();
					d2 = inv_delta1[col_isotopes +
								i * inv_ptr->isotope_unknowns.size() +
								j] / inv_delta1[i];
					d3 = d1 + d2;

					if (equal(d1, 0.0, MIN_TOTAL_INVERSE) == TRUE)
						d1 = 0.0;
					if (equal(d2, 0.0, MIN_TOTAL_INVERSE) == TRUE)
						d2 = 0.0;
					if (equal(d3, 0.0, MIN_TOTAL_INVERSE) == TRUE)
						d3 = 0.0;
					snprintf(token, sizeof(token), "%d%s",
							(int) inv_ptr->isotope_unknowns[j].
							isotope_number,
							inv_ptr->isotope_unknowns[j].elt_name);
					output_msg(sformatf(
							   "%15.15s   %12g  +%12g  =%12g\n", token,
							   (double) d1, (double) d2, (double) d3));
/*
					if (equal(d1, 0.0, MIN_TOTAL_INVERSE) == FALSE ) {
						d3 = fabs(d2/d1);
						if (d3 > max_pct) max_pct = d3;
					}
 */
					if (kit->second.Get_x_ratio_uncertainty() > 0)
					{
						scaled_error +=
							fabs(d2) /
							kit->second.Get_x_ratio_uncertainty();
/* debug
						output_msg(sformatf( "%e\t%e\t%e\n", fabs(d2) / solution_ptr->isotopes[k].x_ratio_uncertainty , fabs(d2), solution_ptr->isotopes[k].x_ratio_uncertainty));
 */
					}
					else if (d2 != 0.0)
					{
						error_msg
							("Computing delta solution isotope/uncertainty",
							 CONTINUE);
					}
				}
			}
		}
	}

/*
 *    Adjustments to phases
 */
	print_msg = FALSE;
	if (inv_ptr->isotopes.size() > 0)
	{
		output_msg(sformatf( "\nIsotopic composition of phases:\n"));
		for (size_t i = 0; i < inv_ptr->phases.size(); i++)
		{
			if (inv_ptr->phases[i].isotopes.size() == 0)
				continue;
			size_t j = col_phases + i;
			if (equal(inv_delta1[j], 0.0, toler) == TRUE &&
				equal(min_delta[j], 0.0, toler) == TRUE &&
				equal(max_delta[j], 0.0, toler) == TRUE)
				continue;
			std::vector<class isotope>& isotope_ref = inv_ptr->phases[i].isotopes;
			for (size_t j = 0; j < inv_ptr->isotopes.size(); j++)
			{
				for (size_t k = 0; k < inv_ptr->phases[i].isotopes.size(); k++)
				{
					if (inv_ptr->isotopes[j].elt_name !=
						isotope_ref[k].elt_name ||
						inv_ptr->isotopes[j].isotope_number !=
						isotope_ref[k].isotope_number)
						continue;
					d1 = isotope_ref[k].ratio;
					column = col_phase_isotopes + i * inv_ptr->isotopes.size() + j;
					if (inv_delta1[col_phases + i] != 0.0)
					{
						d2 = inv_delta1[column] / inv_delta1[col_phases + i];
					}
					else
					{
						continue;
					}
					d3 = d1 + d2;
					if (equal(d1, 0.0, 1e-7) == TRUE)
						d1 = 0.0;
					if (equal(d2, 0.0, 1e-7) == TRUE)
						d2 = 0.0;
					if (equal(d3, 0.0, 1e-7) == TRUE)
						d3 = 0.0;
					snprintf(token, sizeof(token), "%d%s %s",
							(int) inv_ptr->isotopes[j].isotope_number,
							inv_ptr->isotopes[j].elt_name,
							inv_ptr->phases[i].phase->name);
					output_msg(sformatf(
							   "%15.15s   %12g  +%12g  =%12g", token,
							   (double) d1, (double) d2, (double) d3));
					if (fabs(d2) > (isotope_ref[k].ratio_uncertainty + toler))
					{
						output_msg(sformatf( " **"));
						print_msg = TRUE;
					}
					output_msg(sformatf( "\n"));
					if (isotope_ref[k].ratio_uncertainty > 0)
					{
						scaled_error +=
							fabs(d2) / isotope_ref[k].ratio_uncertainty;
/* debug
						output_msg(sformatf( "%e\t%e\t%e\n", fabs(d2) / isotope_ptr[k].ratio_uncertainty, fabs(d2), isotope_ptr[k].ratio_uncertainty));
 */
					}
					else if (d2 != 0.0)
					{
						error_msg
							("Computing delta phase isotope/uncertainty",
							 CONTINUE);
					}
				}
			}
		}
	}
	if (print_msg == TRUE)
	{
		output_msg(sformatf(
				   "\n**\tWARNING: The adjustment to at least one isotopic"
				   "\n\tcomposition of a phase exceeded the specified uncertainty"
				   "\n\tfor the phase.  If the phase is not constrained to dissolve"
				   "\n\tor precipitate, then the isotopic composition of the phase"
				   "\n\tis also unconstrained.\n"));
	}
	output_msg(sformatf( "\n%-20.20s   %7s   %12.12s   %12.12s\n",
			   "Solution fractions:", " ", "Minimum", "Maximum"));
	for (i = 0; i < inv_ptr->count_solns; i++)
	{
		d1 = inv_delta1[i];
		d2 = min_delta[i];
		d3 = max_delta[i];
		if (equal(d1, 0.0, MIN_TOTAL_INVERSE) == TRUE)
			d1 = 0.0;
		if (equal(d2, 0.0, MIN_TOTAL_INVERSE) == TRUE)
			d2 = 0.0;
		if (equal(d3, 0.0, MIN_TOTAL_INVERSE) == TRUE)
			d3 = 0.0;
		output_msg(sformatf( "%11s%4d   %12.3e   %12.3e   %12.3e\n",
				   "Solution", inv_ptr->solns[i], (double) d1, (double) d2,
				   (double) d3));
	}

	// appt, calculate and print SI's
	LDBLE  t_i, p_i, iap, lk, t;
	const char *name;
	class rxn_token *rxn_ptr;
	CReaction *reaction_ptr;

	output_msg(sformatf( "\n%-25.25s   %2s   %12.12s   %12.12s   %-18.18s  (Approximate SI in solution ",
			   "Phase mole transfers:", " ", "Minimum", "Maximum", "Formula"));
	
	for (i = 0; i < inv_ptr->count_solns - 1; i++)
		output_msg(sformatf("%d, ", inv_ptr->solns[i]));
	solution_ptr = Utilities::Rxn_find(Rxn_solution_map, inv_ptr->solns[i]);
	t_i = solution_ptr->Get_tc() + 273.15;
	p_i = solution_ptr->Get_patm();
	output_msg(sformatf("%d at %3d K, %3d atm)\n", inv_ptr->solns[i], int(t_i), int(floor(p_i + 0.5))));
	p_i *= PASCAL_PER_ATM;

	for (size_t i = col_phases; i < col_redox; i++)
	{
		if (equal(inv_delta1[i], 0.0, toler) == TRUE &&
			equal(min_delta[i], 0.0, toler) == TRUE &&
			equal(max_delta[i], 0.0, toler) == TRUE)
			continue;

		d1 = inv_delta1[i];
		d2 = min_delta[i];
		d3 = max_delta[i];
		if (equal(d1, 0.0, MIN_TOTAL_INVERSE) == TRUE)
			d1 = 0.0;
		if (equal(d2, 0.0, MIN_TOTAL_INVERSE) == TRUE)
			d2 = 0.0;
		if (equal(d3, 0.0, MIN_TOTAL_INVERSE) == TRUE)
			d3 = 0.0;
		output_msg(sformatf(
			"%15.15s   %12.3e   %12.3e   %12.3e   %-25.25s  (", col_name[i],
			(double)d1, (double)d2, (double)d3, inv_ptr->phases[i - col_phases].phase->formula));

		size_t i1 = 0;
		for (; i1 < phases.size(); i1++)
		{
			if (Utilities::strcmp_nocase(phases[i1]->name, col_name[i]))
				continue;
			reaction_ptr = &phases[i1]->rxn_s;
			for (size_t i2 = 0; i2 < inv_ptr->count_solns; i2++)
			{
				solution_ptr = Utilities::Rxn_find(Rxn_solution_map, inv_ptr->solns[i2]);

				reaction_ptr->logk[delta_v] = calc_delta_v(*reaction_ptr, true) - phases[i1]->logk[vm0];
				if (reaction_ptr->logk[delta_v])
					mu_terms_in_logk = true;
				lk = k_calc(reaction_ptr->logk, t_i, p_i);

				iap = 0.0;
				for (rxn_ptr = &reaction_ptr->token[0] + 1; rxn_ptr->s != NULL; rxn_ptr++)
				{
					t = 0;
					if (rxn_ptr->s == s_eminus)
						t = -solution_ptr->Get_pe();
					else if (!Utilities::strcmp_nocase(rxn_ptr->s->name, "H2O"))
						t = log10(solution_ptr->Get_ah2o());
					else if (!Utilities::strcmp_nocase(rxn_ptr->s->name, "H+"))
						t = -solution_ptr->Get_ph();
					else
					{
						if (rxn_ptr->s->secondary)
							name = rxn_ptr->s->secondary->elt->name;
						else
							name = rxn_ptr->s->primary->elt->name;
						t = solution_ptr->Get_master_activity()[name];
					}
					if (t)
						iap += t * rxn_ptr->coef;
					else
					{
						iap = -999; break;
					}
				}

				if (iap == -999)
					output_msg(sformatf("      "));
				else
					output_msg(sformatf("%6.2f", iap - lk));
				if (i2 < inv_ptr->count_solns - 1)
					output_msg(sformatf(","));
			}
		}
		output_msg(sformatf(")\n"));
	}
	output_msg(sformatf( "\n%-25.25s\n", "Redox mole transfers:"));
	for (size_t i = col_redox; i < col_epsilon; i++)
	{
		if (equal(inv_delta1[i], 0.0, toler) == TRUE)
			continue;
		output_msg(sformatf( "%15.15s   %12.3e\n", col_name[i],
				   (double) inv_delta1[i]));
	}

	output_msg(sformatf(
			   "\nSum of residuals (epsilons in documentation):      %12.3e\n",
		   ((double) (error / SCALE_EPSILON))));
	output_msg(sformatf(
			   "Sum of delta/uncertainty limit:                    %12.3e\n",
			   (double) scaled_error));
	output_msg(sformatf(
			   "Maximum fractional error in element concentration: %12.3e\n",
			   (double) max_pct));
/*
 *   Flush buffer after each model
 */
	output_flush();
	return (OK);
}
/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
int Phreeqc::
punch_model_heading(class inverse *inv_ptr)
/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
{
	/*
	*   Prints model headings to selected output file
	*/
	int i;
	char token[MAX_LENGTH];

	std::map < int, SelectedOutput >::iterator so_it = SelectedOutput_map.begin(); 
	for ( ; so_it != SelectedOutput_map.end(); so_it++)
	{
		// set punch file
		current_selected_output = &(so_it->second);
		if (pr.punch == FALSE ||
			current_selected_output == NULL || 
			!current_selected_output->Get_inverse() ||
			!current_selected_output->Get_active())
			continue;
		phrq_io->Set_punch_ostream(current_selected_output->Get_punch_ostream());

		int l = (!current_selected_output->Get_high_precision()) ? 15 : 20;
		inverse_heading_names.clear();
		/*
		*  Print sum of residuals and maximum fractional error
		*/
		inverse_heading_names.push_back(sformatf("%*s\t", l, "Sum_resid"));
		inverse_heading_names.push_back(sformatf("%*s\t", l, "Sum_Delta/U"));
		inverse_heading_names.push_back(sformatf("%*s\t", l, "MaxFracErr"));

		/*
		*   Print solution numbers
		*/
		for (i = 0; i < inv_ptr->count_solns; i++)
		{
			snprintf(token, sizeof(token), "Soln_%d", inv_ptr->solns[i]);
			std::string tok1(token);
			tok1.append("_min");
			std::string tok2(token);
			tok2.append("_max");

			inverse_heading_names.push_back(sformatf("%*s\t", l, token));
			inverse_heading_names.push_back(sformatf("%*s\t", l, tok1.c_str()));
			inverse_heading_names.push_back(sformatf("%*s\t", l, tok2.c_str()));
		}
		/*
		*   Print phase names
		*/
		for (size_t i = col_phases; i < col_redox; i++)
		{

			std::string tok1(col_name[i]);
			tok1.append("_min");
			std::string tok2(col_name[i]);
			tok2.append("_max");

			inverse_heading_names.push_back(sformatf("%*s\t", l, col_name[i]));
			inverse_heading_names.push_back(sformatf("%*s\t", l, tok1.c_str()));
			inverse_heading_names.push_back(sformatf("%*s\t", l, tok2.c_str()));
		}
		for (size_t j = 0; j < inverse_heading_names.size(); j++)
		{
			fpunchf_heading(inverse_heading_names[j].c_str());
			//user_punch_headings[j] = string_hsave(heading_names[j].c_str());
		}
		fpunchf_heading("\n");
	}
	current_selected_output = NULL;
	phrq_io->Set_punch_ostream(NULL);
	/*
	*   Flush buffer after each model
	*/
	punch_flush();
	return (OK);
}
/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
int Phreeqc::
punch_model(class inverse *inv_ptr)
/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
{
/*
 *   Prints model to selected output file
 */
	int i;
	LDBLE d1, d2, d3;
	//if (punch.in == FALSE || pr.punch == FALSE || punch.inverse == FALSE)
	//	return (OK);

	UserPunch temp_user_punch;
	current_user_punch = & temp_user_punch;
	temp_user_punch.Set_headings(inverse_heading_names);

	std::map < int, SelectedOutput >::iterator so_it = SelectedOutput_map.begin(); 
	for ( ; so_it != SelectedOutput_map.end(); so_it++)
	{
		current_selected_output = &(so_it->second);
		if (pr.punch == FALSE ||
			current_selected_output == NULL || 
			!current_selected_output->Get_inverse() ||
			!current_selected_output->Get_active())
			continue;
		phrq_io->Set_punch_ostream(current_selected_output->Get_punch_ostream());
		
		n_user_punch_index = 0;
		/*
		*   write residual info
		*/
		if (!current_selected_output->Get_high_precision())
		{
			fpunchf(trim(inverse_heading_names[n_user_punch_index++]).c_str(), "%15.4e\t", (double) (error / SCALE_EPSILON));
			fpunchf(trim(inverse_heading_names[n_user_punch_index++]).c_str(), "%15.4e\t", (double) scaled_error);
			fpunchf(trim(inverse_heading_names[n_user_punch_index++]).c_str(), "%15.4e\t", (double) max_pct);
		}
		else
		{
			fpunchf(trim(inverse_heading_names[n_user_punch_index++]).c_str(), "%20.12e\t", (double) (error / SCALE_EPSILON));
			fpunchf(trim(inverse_heading_names[n_user_punch_index++]).c_str(), "%20.12e\t", (double) scaled_error);
			fpunchf(trim(inverse_heading_names[n_user_punch_index++]).c_str(), "%20.12e\t", (double) max_pct);
		}
		/*
		*   write solution fractions
		*/
		for (i = 0; i < inv_ptr->count_solns; i++)
		{
			d1 = inv_delta1[i];
			d2 = min_delta[i];
			d3 = max_delta[i];
			if (equal(d1, 0.0, MIN_TOTAL_INVERSE) == TRUE)
				d1 = 0.0;
			if (equal(d2, 0.0, MIN_TOTAL_INVERSE) == TRUE)
				d2 = 0.0;
			if (equal(d3, 0.0, MIN_TOTAL_INVERSE) == TRUE)
				d3 = 0.0;
			if (!current_selected_output->Get_high_precision())
			{
				fpunchf(trim(inverse_heading_names[n_user_punch_index++]).c_str(), "%15.4e\t", (double) d1);
				fpunchf(trim(inverse_heading_names[n_user_punch_index++]).c_str(), "%15.4e\t", (double) d2);
				fpunchf(trim(inverse_heading_names[n_user_punch_index++]).c_str(), "%15.4e\t", (double) d3);
			}
			else
			{
				fpunchf(trim(inverse_heading_names[n_user_punch_index++]).c_str(), "%20.12e\t", (double) d1);
				fpunchf(trim(inverse_heading_names[n_user_punch_index++]).c_str(), "%20.12e\t", (double) d2);
				fpunchf(trim(inverse_heading_names[n_user_punch_index++]).c_str(), "%20.12e\t", (double) d3);
			}
		}
		/*
		*   write phase transfers
		*/
		for (size_t i = col_phases; i < col_redox; i++)
		{
			d1 = inv_delta1[i];
			d2 = min_delta[i];
			d3 = max_delta[i];
			if (equal(d1, 0.0, MIN_TOTAL_INVERSE) == TRUE)
				d1 = 0.0;
			if (equal(d2, 0.0, MIN_TOTAL_INVERSE) == TRUE)
				d2 = 0.0;
			if (equal(d3, 0.0, MIN_TOTAL_INVERSE) == TRUE)
				d3 = 0.0;
			if (!current_selected_output->Get_high_precision())
			{
				fpunchf(trim(inverse_heading_names[n_user_punch_index++]).c_str(), "%15.4e\t", (double) d1);
				fpunchf(trim(inverse_heading_names[n_user_punch_index++]).c_str(), "%15.4e\t", (double) d2);
				fpunchf(trim(inverse_heading_names[n_user_punch_index++]).c_str(), "%15.4e\t", (double) d3);
			}
			else
			{
				fpunchf(trim(inverse_heading_names[n_user_punch_index++]).c_str(), "%20.12e\t", (double) d1);
				fpunchf(trim(inverse_heading_names[n_user_punch_index++]).c_str(), "%20.12e\t", (double) d2);
				fpunchf(trim(inverse_heading_names[n_user_punch_index++]).c_str(), "%20.12e\t", (double) d3);
			}
		}
		punch_msg("\n");

		/*
		*   Flush buffer after each model
		*/
		punch_flush();
	}
	current_selected_output = NULL;
	phrq_io->Set_punch_ostream(NULL);
	return (OK);
}

/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
unsigned long Phreeqc::
set_bit(unsigned long bits, int position, int value)
/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
{
/*
 *   Sets a single bit
 */
	unsigned long temp_bits_l;

	temp_bits_l = 1 << position;
	if (value == 0)
	{
		temp_bits_l = ~temp_bits_l;
		temp_bits_l = bits & temp_bits_l;
	}
	else
	{
		temp_bits_l = bits | temp_bits_l;
	}
	return (temp_bits_l);
}

/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
int Phreeqc::
next_set_phases(class inverse *inv_ptr,
				int first_of_model_size, int model_size)
/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
{
	int i, j, k;
	unsigned long temp_bits_l;

/*
 *   min_ and max_position are arrays, logically with length
 *      of model_size, that contain minimum and maximum
 *      phase numbers that can be in that model position.
 *
 *   now contains a list of phase numbers to mark as in for this
 *      model
 */

/*
 *   Initialize for a given model_size
 */
	if (first_of_model_size == TRUE)
	{
		for (i = 0; i < model_size; i++)
		{
			min_position[i] = i;
			now[i] = i;
			max_position[i] = (int)inv_ptr->phases.size() - model_size + i;
		}
	}
	else
	{
/*
 *   Determine next combination of phases for fixed model_size
 */
		for (i = (model_size - 1); i >= 0; i--)
		{
			if (now[i] < max_position[i])
			{
				now[i]++;
				if (i < (model_size - 1))
				{
					k = now[i];
					for (j = (i + 1); j < model_size; j++)
					{
						k++;
						now[j] = k;
					}
				}
				break;
			}
		}
		if (i < 0)
			return (FALSE);
	}
/*
 *   Set bits which switch in phases
 */
	temp_bits_l = 0;
	for (j = 0; j < model_size; j++)
	{
		temp_bits_l += (1 << now[j]);
	}
	phase_bits = temp_bits_l;
	return (TRUE);
}

/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
int Phreeqc::
range(class inverse *inv_ptr, unsigned long cur_bits)
/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
{
/*
 *   Takes the model from cur_bits and sequentially determines the 
 *   minimum and maximum values for each solution fraction and
 *   each phase mass transfer.
 */
	int i, j;
	int k, l, m, n;
	int f;
	unsigned long bits;
	LDBLE error2;
/*
 *   Include forced solutions and phases in range calculation
 */
	for (size_t i = 0; i < inv_ptr->count_solns + inv_ptr->phases.size(); i++)
	{
		if (i < inv_ptr->phases.size())
		{
			if (inv_ptr->phases[i].force == TRUE)
			{
				cur_bits = set_bit(cur_bits, (int)i, 1);
			}
		}
		else
		{
			if (inv_ptr->force_solns[i - inv_ptr->phases.size()] == TRUE)
			{
				cur_bits = set_bit(cur_bits, (int)i, 1);
			}
		}
	}

	memcpy((void *) &(min_delta[0]), (void *) &(inv_zero[0]),
		   (size_t) max_column_count * sizeof(LDBLE));
	memcpy((void *) &(max_delta[0]), (void *) &(inv_zero[0]),
		   (size_t) max_column_count * sizeof(LDBLE));
/*
 *   Switch bits so that phases are high and solutions are low
 */
	bits =
		get_bits(cur_bits, (int)(inv_ptr->phases.size() + inv_ptr->count_solns) - 1,
				 (int)inv_ptr->count_solns);
	bits +=
		(get_bits(cur_bits, (int)inv_ptr->phases.size() - 1, (int)inv_ptr->phases.size())
		 << (int)inv_ptr->count_solns);
/*
 *   Do range calculation
 */
	for (i = 0; i < inv_ptr->count_solns + inv_ptr->phases.size(); i++)
	{
		if (inv_ptr->count_solns == i + 1)
		{
			min_delta[i] = 1.0;
			max_delta[i] = 1.0;
			continue;
		}
		if (get_bits(bits, i, 1) == 0)
			continue;
/*
 *   Calculate min and max
 */
		for (f = -1; f < 2; f += 2)
		{
			k = (int)row_mb;			/* rows in A */
			l = (int)(row_epsilon - row_mb);	/* rows in C */
			m = (int)(count_rows - row_epsilon);	/* rows in E */
			n = (int)count_unknowns;	/* number of variables */
/*
 *   Copy equations
 */
			memcpy((void *) &(array1[0]), (void *) &(my_array[0]),
				   (size_t) max_column_count * max_row_count * sizeof(LDBLE));
			memcpy((void *) &(delta2[0]), (void *) &(delta[0]),
				   (size_t) max_column_count * sizeof(LDBLE));
			memcpy((void *) &(delta3[0]), (void *) &(inv_zero[0]),
				   (size_t) max_column_count * sizeof(LDBLE));
			memcpy((void *) &(delta_save[0]), (void *) &(inv_zero[0]),
				   (size_t) max_column_count * sizeof(LDBLE));
			memcpy((void *) &(inv_res[0]), (void *) &(inv_zero[0]),
				   (size_t) max_row_count * sizeof(LDBLE));

/*
 *   Change optimization
 */
			for (j = 0; j < k; j++)
			{
				memcpy((void *) &(array1[j * max_column_count]),
					   (void *) &(inv_zero[0]),
					   (size_t) max_column_count * sizeof(LDBLE));
			}
			array1[i] = 1.0;
			if (f < 1)
			{
				array1[n] = -fabs(inv_ptr->range_max);
			}
			else
			{
				array1[n] = fabs(inv_ptr->range_max);
			}
			shrink(inv_ptr, &array1[0], &array1[0],
				   &k, &l, &m, &n, cur_bits, &delta2[0], &col_back[0], &row_back[0]);
			/*
			 *  Save delta constraints
			 */
			for (j = 0; j < n; j++)
			{
				delta_save[col_back[j]] = delta2[j];
			}
			if (debug_inverse == TRUE)
			{
				output_msg(sformatf( "\nInput delta:\n\n"));
				for (j = 0; j < n; j++)
				{
					output_msg(sformatf( "\t%d %s\t%g\n", j,
							   col_name[col_back[j]], (double) delta2[j]));
				}
				output_msg(sformatf( "\nA and B arrays:\n\n"));
				array_print(&array1[0], k + l + m, n + 1, (int)max_column_count);
			}
			kode = 1;
			iter = 200;
			count_calls++;
#ifdef INVERSE_CL1MP
			if (inv_ptr->mp == TRUE)
			{
				cl1mp(k, l, m, n, (int)nklmd, (int)n2d, &array1[0],
					&kode, inv_ptr->mp_tolerance, &iter, &delta2[0], &inv_res[0],
					&error2, &inv_cu[0], &inv_iu[0], &inv_is[0], TRUE, inv_ptr->mp_censor);
			}
			else
			{
				cl1(k, l, m, n, (int)nklmd, (int)n2d, &array1[0], &kode, toler, &iter, &delta2[0],
					&inv_res[0], &error2, &inv_cu[0], &inv_iu[0], &inv_is[0], TRUE);
			}
#else
			cl1(k, l, m, n, (int)nklmd, (int)n2d, &array1[0], &kode, toler, &iter, &delta2[0], 
				&inv_res[0], &error2, &inv_cu[0], &inv_iu[0], &inv_is[0], TRUE);
#endif
			if (kode != 0)
			{
				output_msg(sformatf(
						   "Error in subroutine range. Kode = %d\n", kode));
			}

			if (debug_inverse == TRUE)
			{
				output_msg(sformatf( "kode: %d\titer: %d\terror: %e\n",
						   kode, iter, (double) error2));
				output_msg(sformatf( "k, l, m, n: %d\t%d\t%d\t%d\n", k,
						   l, m, n));
				output_msg(sformatf( "\nsolution vector %s\n",
						   col_name[i]));
				for (j = 0; j < n; j++)
				{
					output_msg(sformatf( "%6d  %-12.12s %10.2e", j,
							   col_name[col_back[j]], (double) delta2[j]));
					output_msg(sformatf( "\n"));
				}

				output_msg(sformatf( "\nresidual vector:\n"));
				for (j = 0; j < (k + l + m); j++)
				{
					output_msg(sformatf( "%6d  %-12.12s %10.2e\n", j,
							   row_name[row_back[j]], (double) inv_res[j]));
				}
			}
			for (j = 0; j < n; j++)
			{
				if (col_back[j] == i)
					break;
			}
			if (f < 0)
			{
				min_delta[i] = delta2[j];
			}
			else
			{
				max_delta[i] = delta2[j];
			}
			for (j = 0; j < n; j++)
			{
				delta3[col_back[j]] = delta2[j];
			}
		}
	}
	return (OK);
}

/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
int Phreeqc::
shrink(class inverse *inv_ptr, LDBLE * array_in, LDBLE * array_out,
	   int *k, int *l, int *m, int *n,
	   unsigned long cur_bits,
	   LDBLE * delta_l, int *col_back_l, int *row_back_l)
/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
{
/*
 *   Shrink eliminates any rows that are all zeros and any columns
 *   that are not in cur_bits, result is put in array_out
 *
 *   k, l, m, n return the new sizes of the array.
 *   delta is remapped to retain any non-negativity constraints
 *   Col_back maps columns that remain back to original columns
 *   Row_back maps rows that remain back to original rows
 */
	int i, j, row;
	int k1, l1, m1;
	size_t cur_col, column;
	int nonzero;
/*
 *   Copy array_in to array_out
 */
	if (array_in != array_out)
	{
		for (i = 0; i < (*k + *l + *m); i++)
		{
			memcpy(&(array_out[i * max_column_count]),
				   &(array_in[i * max_column_count]),
				   (size_t) max_column_count * sizeof(LDBLE));
		}
	}
/*
 *   Determine columns to eliminate
 */
	for (i = 0; i < (*n + 1); i++)
		col_back_l[i] = i;

/*   
 *   Drop phases not in model
 */
	for (i = 0; i < inv_ptr->phases.size(); i++)
	{
		if (get_bits(cur_bits, i, 1) == 0)
		{
			col_back_l[col_phases + i] = -1;
			/* drop isotopes */
			if (inv_ptr->isotopes.size() > 0)
			{
				for (j = 0; j < inv_ptr->isotopes.size(); j++)
				{
					column =
						col_phase_isotopes + i * inv_ptr->isotopes.size() + j;
					col_back_l[column] = -1;
				}
			}
		}
	}
/*   
 *   Drop solutions not in model
 */
	for (i = 0; i < (inv_ptr->count_solns - 1); i++)
	{
		if (get_bits(cur_bits, (int)inv_ptr->phases.size() + i, 1) == 0)
		{
			col_back_l[i] = -1;
			/* drop all epsilons for the solution */
			for (j = 0; j < inv_ptr->elts.size(); j++)
			{
				column = col_epsilon + j * inv_ptr->count_solns + i;
				col_back_l[column] = -1;
			}
			/* drop pH for the solution */
			if (inv_ptr->carbon == TRUE)
			{
				column = col_ph + i;
				col_back_l[column] = -1;
			}
			/* drop isotopes */
			if (inv_ptr->isotopes.size() > 0)
			{
				for (size_t j = 0; j < inv_ptr->isotope_unknowns.size(); j++)
				{
					column = col_isotopes + 
						i * inv_ptr->isotope_unknowns.size() + j;
					col_back_l[column] = -1;
				}
			}
		}
	}

/*   
 *   Drop epsilons not used
 */
	for (i = (int)col_epsilon; i < *n; i++)
	{
		if (col_back_l[i] < 0)
			continue;
		for (j = 0; j < (*k + *l + *m); j++)
		{
			if (array_out[(size_t)j * max_column_count + (size_t)i] != 0)
				break;
		}
		if (j == (*k + *l + *m))
		{
			col_back_l[i] = -1;
		}
	}
/*
 *   rewrite array_out
 */
	cur_col = 0;
	for (i = 0; i < (*n + 1); i++)
	{
		if (col_back_l[i] < 0)
			continue;
		if (cur_col == col_back_l[i])
		{
			cur_col++;
			continue;
		}
		for (j = 0; j < (*k + *l + *m); j++)
		{
			array_out[j * max_column_count + cur_col] =
				array_out[j * max_column_count + i];
		}
		col_back_l[cur_col] = col_back_l[i];
		delta_l[cur_col] = delta_l[i];
		cur_col++;
	}
	*n = (int)cur_col - 1;
/* 
 *   Eliminate unnecessary optimization eqns
 */
	row = 0;
	k1 = 0;
	for (i = 0; i < *k; i++)
	{
		if (memcmp(&(array_out[i * max_column_count]), &(inv_zero[0]),
				   (size_t) (*n) * sizeof(LDBLE)) == 0)
		{
			continue;
		}
/*
		memcpy(&(array_out[row * max_column_count]), &(array_out[i * max_column_count]),
		       (size_t) max_column_count * sizeof(LDBLE));
 */
		if (i > row)
		{
			if ((row*max_column_count + (*n + 1)) >= (i * max_column_count))
			{
				assert(false);
			}


			memcpy(&(array_out[row * max_column_count]),
				&(array_out[(size_t)i * max_column_count]),
				((size_t)*n + 1) * sizeof(LDBLE));
		}
		row_back_l[row] = i;
		row++;
		k1++;
	}

/* 
 *   Eliminate unnecessary equality eqns
 */
	l1 = 0;
	for (i = *k; i < (*k + *l); i++)
	{
		nonzero = FALSE;
		for (j = 0; j < *n; j++)
		{
			if (equal(array_out[i * max_column_count + j], 0.0, toler) ==
				FALSE)
			{
				nonzero = TRUE;
				break;
			}
		}
		if (nonzero == FALSE)
			continue;
/*
		if (memcmp(&(array_out[i * max_column_count]), &(zero[0]), 
			   (size_t) (*n) * sizeof(LDBLE)) == 0) {
			continue;
		}
 */
/*
		memcpy(&(array_out[row * max_column_count]), &(array_out[i * max_column_count]),
		       (size_t) max_column_count * sizeof(LDBLE));
 */

		if (i > row)
		{
			if ((row*max_column_count + (*n + 1)) >= (i * max_column_count))
			{
				assert(false);
			}
			memcpy(&(array_out[row * max_column_count]),
				&(array_out[(size_t)i * max_column_count]),
				((size_t)*n + 1) * sizeof(LDBLE));
		}
		row_back_l[row] = i;
		row++;
		l1++;
	}
/* 
 *   Eliminate unnecessary inequality eqns
 */
	m1 = 0;
	for (i = (*k + *l); i < (*k + *l + *m); i++)
	{
		nonzero = FALSE;
		for (j = 0; j < *n; j++)
		{
			if (equal(array_out[i * max_column_count + j], 0.0, toler) ==
				FALSE)
			{
				nonzero = TRUE;
				break;
			}
		}
		if (nonzero == FALSE)
			continue;
/*
		if (memcmp(&(array_out[i * max_column_count]), &(zero[0]), 
			   (size_t) (*n) * sizeof(LDBLE)) == 0) {
			continue;
		}
 */
/*
		memcpy(&(array_out[row * max_column_count]), &(array_out[i * max_column_count]),
		       (size_t) max_column_count * sizeof(LDBLE));
 */

		if (i > row)
		{
			if ((row*max_column_count + (*n + 1)) >= (i * max_column_count))
			{
				assert(false);
			}
			memcpy(&(array_out[(size_t)row * max_column_count]),
				&(array_out[(size_t)i * max_column_count]),
				((size_t)*n + 1) * sizeof(LDBLE));
		}
		row_back_l[row] = i;
		row++;
		m1++;
	}

	*k = k1;
	*l = l1;
	*m = m1;
/*
 *  Scale all inequality rows
 */

	for (i = *k + *l; i < *k + *l + *m; i++)
	{
		for (j = 0; j < *n + 1; j++)
		{
			array_out[i * max_column_count + j] *= SCALE_ALL;
		}
	}

	return (OK);
}

/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
int Phreeqc::
check_solns(class inverse *inv_ptr)
/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
{
/*
 *   Check_solns checks that each solution can be charge balanced within
 *   the given constraints. If not, it is an error and the program will
 *   terminate.
 */
	int i;
	size_t j;
	int k, l, m, n;
	int return_value;
	unsigned long bits;
	LDBLE error2;

	memcpy((void *) &(min_delta[0]), (void *) &(inv_zero[0]),
		   (size_t) max_column_count * sizeof(LDBLE));
	memcpy((void *) &(max_delta[0]), (void *) &(inv_zero[0]),
		   (size_t) max_column_count * sizeof(LDBLE));

/*
 *   Switch bits so that phases are high and solutions are low
 */
	return_value = OK;
	for (i = 0; i < inv_ptr->count_solns; i++)
	{
		bits = 0;
		bits += 1 << (inv_ptr->phases.size() + i);
/*
 *   Check for feasibility of charge balance with given uncertainties
 */
		k = (int)row_mb;				/* rows in A */
		l = (int)(row_epsilon - row_mb);	/* rows in C */
		m = (int)(count_rows - row_epsilon);	/* rows in E */
		n = (int)count_unknowns;		/* number of variables */
/* debug
	output_msg(sformatf( "\nColumns\n"));
	for (j = 0; j < n; j++) {
		output_msg(sformatf( "\t%d\t%s\n", j, col_name[j]));
	}

	output_msg(sformatf( "\nRows\n"));
	for (j = 0; j < k + l + m; j++) {
		output_msg(sformatf( "\t%d\t%s\n", j, row_name[j]));
	}

 	output_msg(sformatf( "\nA and B arrays:\n\n"));
 	array_print(array, k + l + m,
 		    n + 1, max_column_count);
 */
/*
 *   Copy equations
 */
		memcpy((void *) &(array1[0]), (void *) &(my_array[0]),
			   (size_t) max_column_count * max_row_count * sizeof(LDBLE));
		memcpy((void *) &(delta2[0]), (void *) &(delta[0]),
			   (size_t) max_column_count * sizeof(LDBLE));
		memcpy((void *) &(inv_res[0]), (void *) &(inv_zero[0]),
			   (size_t) max_row_count * sizeof(LDBLE));

/*
 *   Keep optimization
 */
/*
 *   Zero out mass balance rows and fraction rows
 */
		for (j = row_mb; j < row_charge; j++)
		{
			memcpy((void *) &(array1[j * max_column_count]),
				   (void *) &(inv_zero[0]),
				   max_column_count * sizeof(LDBLE));
		}
/*
 *   Set fraction of solution to 1.0
 */
		array1[(row_charge - 1) * max_column_count + i] = 1.0;
		array1[(row_charge - 1) * max_column_count + n] = 1.0;

/*
 *   Zero out charge balance rows for other solutions
 */
		for (j = 0; j < inv_ptr->count_solns; j++)
		{
			if (j == i)
				continue;
			memcpy((void *) &(array1[(row_charge + j) * max_column_count]),
				   (void *) &(inv_zero[0]),
				   (size_t) max_column_count * sizeof(LDBLE));
		}

/*
 *   Zero out isotope mole balance
 */
		for (size_t j = row_isotopes; j < row_epsilon; j++)
		{
			memcpy((void *) &(array1[j * max_column_count]),
				   (void *) &(inv_zero[0]),
				   max_column_count * sizeof(LDBLE));
		}

/*
 *   Zero out isotope uncertainties
 */
		for (size_t j = row_isotope_epsilon; j < count_rows; j++)
		{
			memcpy((void *) &(array1[j * max_column_count]),
				   (void *) &(inv_zero[0]),
				   max_column_count * sizeof(LDBLE));
		}
/*
 *   Can`t Zero out epsilon constraint rows for other solutions because not sure which
 *   are which
 */

		shrink(inv_ptr, &array1[0], &array1[0],
			   &k, &l, &m, &n, bits, &delta2[0], &col_back[0], &row_back[0]);
/* Debug

		output_msg(sformatf( "\nColumns\n"));
		for (j = 0; j < n; j++) {
			output_msg(sformatf( "\t%d\t%s\n", j, col_name[col_back[j]]));
		}
		
		output_msg(sformatf( "\nRows\n"));
		for (j = 0; j < k + l + m; j++) {
			output_msg(sformatf( "\t%d\t%s\n", j, row_name[row_back[j]]));
		}
		
		output_msg(sformatf( "\nA and B arrays:\n\n"));
		array_print(array1, k + l + m,
			    n + 1, max_column_count);

		output_msg(sformatf( "\nInput delta vector:\n"));
		for (j=0; j < n; j++) {
			output_msg(sformatf( "%6d  %-12.12s %10.2e", j, col_name[col_back[j]], delta2[j]));
			output_msg(sformatf( "\n"));
		}
 */

		kode = 1;
		iter = 200;
		count_calls++;
		cl1(k, l, m, n, (int)nklmd, (int)n2d, &array1[0], &kode, toler, &iter, 
			&delta2[0], &inv_res[0], &error2, &inv_cu[0], &inv_iu[0], &inv_is[0], TRUE);

		if (kode != 0)
		{
			error_string = sformatf(
					"Not possible to balance solution %d with input uncertainties.",
					inv_ptr->solns[i]);
			error_msg(error_string, CONTINUE);
			return_value = ERROR;
		}

/* Debug
		output_msg(sformatf( "kode: %d\titer: %d\terror: %e\n", kode, iter, error));
		output_msg(sformatf( "k, l, m, n: %d\t%d\t%d\t%d\n", k, l, m, n));

		output_msg(sformatf( "\nsolution vector %s\n", col_name[i]));
		for (j = 0; j < n; j++) {
			output_msg(sformatf( "%6d  %-12.12s %10.2e", j, col_name[col_back[j]], delta2[j]));
			output_msg(sformatf( "\n"));
		}

		output_msg(sformatf( "\nresidual vector:\n"));
		for (j = 0; j < (k + l + m); j++) {
			output_msg(sformatf( "%6d  %-12.12s %10.2e\n", j, row_name[row_back[j]], inv_res[j]));
		}
 */
	}
	return (return_value);
}

/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
int Phreeqc::
post_mortem(void)
/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
{
/*
 *   Post_mortem simply identifies which equality and inequality of the
 *   array have not been satisfied. 
 *
 */
	LDBLE sum;
/*
 *   Check equalities
 */
	output_msg(sformatf(
			   "\nPost_mortem examination of inverse modeling:\n\n"));
	for (size_t i = row_mb; i < row_epsilon; i++)
	{
		sum = 0;
		for (size_t j = 0; j < count_unknowns; j++)
		{
			sum += inv_delta1[j] * my_array[i * max_column_count + j];
		}

		if (equal(sum, my_array[(i * max_column_count) + count_unknowns], toler)
			== FALSE)
		{
			output_msg(sformatf(
					   "\tERROR: equality not satisfied for %s, %e.\n",
					   row_name[i],
				   (double) (sum - my_array[(i * max_column_count) + count_unknowns])));
		}
	}
/*
 *   Check inequalities
 */
	for (size_t i = row_epsilon; i < count_rows; i++)
	{
		sum = 0;
		for (size_t j = 0; j < count_unknowns; j++)
		{
			sum += inv_delta1[j] * my_array[i * max_column_count + j];
		}

		if (sum > my_array[(i * max_column_count) + count_unknowns] + toler)
		{
			output_msg(sformatf(
					   "\tERROR: inequality not satisfied for %s, %e\n",
					   row_name[i],
				   (double) (sum - my_array[(i * max_column_count) + count_unknowns])));
		}
	}
/*
 *   Check dissolution/precipitation constraints
 */
	for (size_t i = 0; i < count_unknowns; i++)
	{
		if (delta_save[i] > 0.5 && inv_delta1[i] < -toler)
		{
			output_msg(sformatf(
					   "\tERROR: Dissolution/precipitation constraint not satisfied for column %d, %s, %e.\n",
				   i, col_name[i], (double) inv_delta1[i]));
		}
		else if (delta_save[i] < -0.5 && inv_delta1[i] > toler)
		{
			output_msg(sformatf(
					   "\tERROR: Dissolution/precipitation constraint not satisfied for column %d, %s, %e.\n",
				   i, col_name[i], (double) inv_delta1[i]));
		}
	}

	return (OK);
}
/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
bool Phreeqc::
test_cl1_solution(void)
/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
{
/*
 *   checks that equality and inequalities are satisfied
 *
 */
	int i;
	LDBLE sum;
/*
 *   Check equalities
 */
	bool rv = true;
	if (debug_inverse)
	{
		output_msg(sformatf(
			"\nTesting cl1 inverse modeling:\n\n"));
	}
	for (size_t i = row_mb; i < row_epsilon; i++)
	{
		sum = 0;
		for (size_t j = 0; j < count_unknowns; j++)
		{
			sum += inv_delta1[j] * my_array[i * max_column_count + j];
		}

		if (equal(sum, my_array[(i * max_column_count) + count_unknowns], toler) == FALSE)
		{
			if (debug_inverse)
			{
				output_msg(sformatf("\tERROR: equality not satisfied for %s, %e.\n", row_name[i],
				   (double) (sum - my_array[(i * max_column_count) + count_unknowns])));
			}
			rv = false;
		}
	}
/*
 *   Check inequalities
 */
	for (size_t i = row_epsilon; i < count_rows; i++)
	{
		sum = 0;
		for (size_t j = 0; j < count_unknowns; j++)
		{
			sum += inv_delta1[j] * my_array[i * max_column_count + j];
		}

		if (sum > my_array[(i * max_column_count) + count_unknowns] + toler)
		{
			if (debug_inverse)
			{
				output_msg(sformatf(
					"\tERROR: inequality not satisfied for %s, %e\n",
					row_name[i],
					(double) (sum - my_array[(i * max_column_count) + count_unknowns])));
			}
			rv = false;
		}
	}
/*
 *   Check dissolution/precipitation constraints
 */
	for (i = 0; i < count_unknowns; i++)
	{
		if (delta_save[i] > 0.5 && inv_delta1[i] < -toler)
		{
			if (debug_inverse)
			{
				output_msg(sformatf(
					"\tERROR: Dissolution/precipitation constraint not satisfied for column %d, %s, %e.\n",
					i, col_name[i], (double) inv_delta1[i]));
			}
			rv = false;

		}
		else if (delta_save[i] < -0.5 && inv_delta1[i] > toler)
		{
			if (debug_inverse)
			{
				output_msg(sformatf(
					"\tERROR: Dissolution/precipitation constraint not satisfied for column %d, %s, %e.\n",
					i, col_name[i], (double) inv_delta1[i]));
			}
			rv = false;
		}
	}

	return (rv);
}
/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
int Phreeqc::
carbon_derivs(class inverse *inv_ptr)
/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
{
	int i, j, temp;
	LDBLE c_uncertainty, d_carbon, alk_plus, alk_minus;
	cxxSolution *solution_ptr_orig, *solution_ptr;

	inv_ptr->dalk_dph.resize(inv_ptr->count_solns);
	inv_ptr->dalk_dc.resize(inv_ptr->count_solns);

	for (i = 0; i < inv_ptr->count_solns; i++)
	{
		solution_ptr_orig = Utilities::Rxn_find(Rxn_solution_map, inv_ptr->solns[i]);
		if (solution_ptr_orig == NULL)
		{
			error_string = sformatf( "Solution %d for inverse "
					"modeling not found.", inv_ptr->solns[i]);
			error_msg(error_string, STOP);
		}
/* 
 *   Find carbon uncertainty
 */
		c_uncertainty = 0;
		d_carbon = 0;
		for (j = 0; j < inv_ptr->elts.size(); j++)
		{
			if (inv_ptr->elts[j].master == s_co3->secondary)
			{
				c_uncertainty = inv_ptr->elts[j].uncertainties[i];
				break;
			}
		}
		if (c_uncertainty < 0.0)
		{
			d_carbon = -c_uncertainty;
		}
		else if (c_uncertainty > 0.0)
		{
			cxxNameDouble::iterator kit = solution_ptr_orig->Get_totals().begin();
			for ( ; kit != solution_ptr_orig->Get_totals().end(); kit++)
			{
				if (strcmp(kit->first.c_str(), "C(4)") == 0)
				{
					d_carbon = kit->second /
						solution_ptr_orig->Get_mass_water() * c_uncertainty;
					break;
				}

			}
		}

/*
 *   Make four copies of solution
 *   Modify ph and carbon in solutions
 */
		set_ph_c(inv_ptr, i, solution_ptr_orig, -5, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0);
		set_ph_c(inv_ptr, i, solution_ptr_orig, -4, 0.0, -1.0, 0.0);
		if (c_uncertainty != 0)
		{
			set_ph_c(inv_ptr, i, solution_ptr_orig, -3, d_carbon, 0.0, 1.0);
			set_ph_c(inv_ptr, i, solution_ptr_orig, -2, d_carbon, 0.0, -1.0);
		}
/* */
		temp = pr.all;
		pr.all = FALSE;
		initial_solutions(FALSE);
		pr.all = temp;
/*
 *   dAlk/dpH
 */
		solution_ptr = Utilities::Rxn_find(Rxn_solution_map, -5); 
		alk_plus = solution_ptr->Get_total_alkalinity();
		solution_ptr = Utilities::Rxn_find(Rxn_solution_map, -4);
		alk_minus = solution_ptr->Get_total_alkalinity();
		inv_ptr->dalk_dph[i] = (alk_plus - alk_minus) /
			(2.0 * inv_ptr->ph_uncertainties[i]);
/*
 *   dAlk/dC
 */
		if (d_carbon != 0)
		{
			solution_ptr = Utilities::Rxn_find(Rxn_solution_map, -3);
			alk_plus = solution_ptr->Get_total_alkalinity();
			solution_ptr = Utilities::Rxn_find(Rxn_solution_map, -2);
			alk_minus = solution_ptr->Get_total_alkalinity();
			inv_ptr->dalk_dc[i] = (alk_plus - alk_minus) / (2.0 * d_carbon);
		}
		else
		{
			inv_ptr->dalk_dc[i] = 0.0;
		}
		if (debug_inverse == TRUE)
		{
			output_msg(sformatf( "dAlk/dph = %e\tdAlk/dC = %e\n",
					   (double) inv_ptr->dalk_dph[i],
					   (double) inv_ptr->dalk_dc[i]));
		}
	}
	return (OK);
}
/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
int Phreeqc::
set_ph_c(class inverse *inv_ptr,
		 int i,
		 cxxSolution *solution_ptr_orig,
		 int n_user_new, LDBLE d_carbon, LDBLE ph_factor, LDBLE c_factor)
/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
{
	int n_user_orig;
	cxxSolution *solution_ptr;

	n_user_orig = inv_ptr->solns[i];
	Utilities::Rxn_copy(Rxn_solution_map, n_user_orig, n_user_new);

	solution_ptr = Utilities::Rxn_find(Rxn_solution_map, n_user_new);
	solution_ptr->Set_new_def(true);
	solution_ptr->Create_initial_data();
	solution_ptr->Set_n_user_end(n_user_new);
	LDBLE ph = solution_ptr->Get_ph();
	ph += inv_ptr->ph_uncertainties[i] * ph_factor;
	solution_ptr->Set_ph(ph);
	cxxNameDouble::iterator jit = solution_ptr->Get_totals().begin();
	for ( ; jit != solution_ptr->Get_totals().end(); jit++)
	{
		cxxISolutionComp temp_comp;
		temp_comp.Set_description(jit->first.c_str());
		temp_comp.Set_input_conc(jit->second / solution_ptr_orig->Get_mass_water());
		temp_comp.Set_units("Mol/kgw");
		if (strcmp(jit->first.c_str(), "C(4)") == 0)
		{
			LDBLE c = temp_comp.Get_input_conc();
			c += d_carbon * c_factor;
			 temp_comp.Set_input_conc(c);
		}
		solution_ptr->Get_initial_data()->Get_comps()[jit->first] = temp_comp;
	}
	solution_ptr->Get_totals().clear();
	return (OK);
}
/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
int Phreeqc::
isotope_balance_equation(class inverse *inv_ptr, int row, int n)
/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/*
 *   routine fills in an isotope balance equation
 *
 *   row is the row in array that needs to be filled
 *   n is the isotope number in inv_ptr
 */
{
	int i, j, k;
	LDBLE isotope_number;
	size_t column;
	LDBLE f;
	class master *primary_ptr;
	cxxSolution *solution_ptr;
/*
 *   Determine primary master species and isotope number for
 *   isotope mass-balance equation
 */
	column = 0;
	primary_ptr = master_bsearch_primary(inv_ptr->isotopes[n].elt_name);
	isotope_number = inv_ptr->isotopes[n].isotope_number;
	/* isotope element must be defined */
	if (primary_ptr == NULL)
	{
		error_string = sformatf(
				"In isotope calculation: element not defined: %s.",
				inv_ptr->isotopes[n].elt_name);
		error_msg(error_string, CONTINUE);
		input_error++;
	}

	/* isotope element must be primary */
	if (primary_ptr->primary != TRUE)
	{
		error_string = sformatf( "Isotope mass-balance may only be used"
				" for total element concentrations.\n"
				"Secondary species not allowed: %s.",
				inv_ptr->isotopes[n].elt_name);
		error_msg(error_string, CONTINUE);
		input_error++;
	}

/*
 *   Fill in terms for each solution
 */
	for (i = 0; i < inv_ptr->count_solns; i++)
	{
		if (i == (inv_ptr->count_solns - 1))
		{
			f = -1.0;
		}
		else
		{
			f = 1.0;
		}

		/* mixing fraction term */
		solution_ptr = Utilities::Rxn_find(Rxn_solution_map, inv_ptr->solns[i]);
		std::map < std::string, cxxSolutionIsotope >::iterator jit = solution_ptr->Get_isotopes().begin();
		for ( ; jit != solution_ptr->Get_isotopes().end(); jit++)
		{
			class master *primary_jit = master_bsearch_primary(jit->second.Get_elt_name().c_str());
			if (primary_jit == primary_ptr &&
				jit->second.Get_isotope_number() == isotope_number)
			{
				my_array[(size_t)row * max_column_count + (size_t)i] +=
					f * jit->second.Get_total() * jit->second.Get_ratio();
			}
		}

		/* epsilon of total moles of element valence * ratio */
		jit = solution_ptr->Get_isotopes().begin();
		for ( ; jit != solution_ptr->Get_isotopes().end(); jit++)
		{
			/* What to do with H and O, skip for now ??? */
			if (primary_ptr == s_hplus->primary
				|| primary_ptr == s_h2o->primary)
				continue;
			class master *master_jit = master_bsearch(jit->second.Get_elt_name().c_str());
			class master *primary_jit = master_bsearch_primary(jit->second.Get_elt_name().c_str());
			if (primary_jit == primary_ptr &&
				jit->second.Get_isotope_number() == isotope_number)
			{
				/* find column of master for solution i */
				for (k = 0; k < inv_ptr->elts.size(); k++)
				{
					if (master_jit == inv_ptr->elts[k].master)
						break;
				}
				column = col_epsilon + (k * inv_ptr->count_solns) + i;
				my_array[(size_t)row * max_column_count + (size_t)column] +=
					f * jit->second.Get_ratio();
			}
		}

		/* epsilon of ratio * total of element valence */
		jit = solution_ptr->Get_isotopes().begin();
		for ( ; jit != solution_ptr->Get_isotopes().end(); jit++)
		{
			class master *master_jit = master_bsearch(jit->second.Get_elt_name().c_str());
			class master *primary_jit = master_bsearch_primary(jit->second.Get_elt_name().c_str());
			if (primary_jit == primary_ptr &&
				jit->second.Get_isotope_number() == isotope_number)
			{

				/* find column of epsilon for ratio of valence */
				for (k = 0; k < inv_ptr->isotope_unknowns.size(); k++)
				{
					if (master_jit ==
						inv_ptr->isotope_unknowns[k].master
						&& jit->second.Get_isotope_number() ==
						inv_ptr->isotope_unknowns[k].isotope_number)
					{
						column =
							col_isotopes +
							(i * inv_ptr->isotope_unknowns.size()) + k;
					}
				}
				my_array[(size_t)row * max_column_count + (size_t)column] +=
					f * jit->second.Get_total();
			}
		}
	}
/*
 *   Fill in terms for each phase
 */
	for (i = 0; i < inv_ptr->phases.size(); i++)
	{
		if (inv_ptr->phases[i].isotopes.size() == 0)
			continue;
		std::vector<class isotope>& isotope_ref = inv_ptr->phases[i].isotopes;
		for (j = 0; j < inv_ptr->phases[i].isotopes.size(); j++)
		{
			if (isotope_ref[j].primary == primary_ptr &&
				isotope_ref[j].isotope_number == isotope_number)
			{
				/* term for alpha phase unknowns */
				column = col_phases + i;
				my_array[(size_t)row * max_column_count + (size_t)column] =
					isotope_ref[j].ratio * isotope_ref[j].coef;
				/* term for phase isotope uncertainty unknown */
				column = col_phase_isotopes + i * inv_ptr->isotopes.size() + (size_t)n;
				my_array[(size_t)row * max_column_count + column] = isotope_ref[j].coef;
				break;
			}
		}

	}
	return OK;
}
/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
bool Phreeqc::
set_isotope_unknowns(class inverse* inv_ptr)
	/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
{
	/*
	 *  Go through elements for which isotope balances are requested
	 *  and make a array of isotope structures
	 *  return total number of isotope unknowns and structure array
	 */
	int i, k;
	LDBLE isotope_number;
	class master* primary_ptr;
	size_t count_isotopes;
	std::vector<class isotope>& isotopes = inv_ptr->isotope_unknowns;

	if (inv_ptr->isotopes.size() == 0)
	{
		isotopes.clear();
		return true;
	}
	count_isotopes = 0;

	for (i = 0; i < inv_ptr->isotopes.size(); i++)
	{
		primary_ptr = master_bsearch(inv_ptr->isotopes[i].elt_name);
		isotope_number = inv_ptr->isotopes[i].isotope_number;
		if (primary_ptr == NULL)
		{
			error_string = sformatf(
				"Element not found for isotope calculation: %s.",
				inv_ptr->isotopes[i].elt_name);
			error_msg(error_string, CONTINUE);
			input_error++;
			break;
		}
		if (primary_ptr->primary != TRUE)
		{
			error_string = sformatf("Isotope mass-balance may only be used"
				" for total element concentrations.\n"
				"Secondary species not allowed: %s.",
				inv_ptr->isotopes[i].elt_name);
			error_msg(error_string, CONTINUE);
			input_error++;
			break;
		}

		/* nonredox element */
		if (primary_ptr->s->secondary == NULL)
		{
			isotopes.resize(count_isotopes + 1);
			isotopes[count_isotopes].primary = primary_ptr;
			isotopes[count_isotopes].master = primary_ptr;
			isotopes[count_isotopes].isotope_number = isotope_number;
			isotopes[count_isotopes].elt_name = primary_ptr->elt->name;
			count_isotopes++;

			/* redox element */
		}
		else
		{

			/* find master */
			for (k = 0; k < (int)master.size(); k++)
			{
				if (master[k] == primary_ptr)
					break;
			}

			/* sum all secondary for master */
			k++;
			for (; k < (int)master.size(); k++)
			{
				isotopes.resize(count_isotopes + 1);
				isotopes[count_isotopes].primary = primary_ptr;
				isotopes[count_isotopes].master = master[k];
				isotopes[count_isotopes].isotope_number = isotope_number;
				isotopes[count_isotopes].elt_name = master[k]->elt->name;
				count_isotopes++;
			}
		}
	}
	return true;
}
/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
int Phreeqc::
check_isotopes(class inverse *inv_ptr)
/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
{
/*
 *  Go through elements for which isotope balances are requested
 *  and make sure each solution has isotope ratios defined
 */
	int i, ii, j, k, l;
	int err, found_isotope;
	LDBLE isotope_number;
	class master *master_ptr, *primary_ptr;
	cxxSolution *solution_ptr;
	class phase *phase_ptr;
	char token[MAX_LENGTH];

/*
 *  Check solutions for necessary isotope data
 */
	for (j = 0; j < inv_ptr->count_solns; j++)
	{
		solution_ptr = Utilities::Rxn_find(Rxn_solution_map, inv_ptr->solns[j]);
		xsolution_zero();
		add_solution(solution_ptr, 1.0, 1.0);
/*
 *   Go through inverse isotopes and make sure isotope data for each solution
 *   inv_ptr->isotopes has elements; inv_ptr->i_u has redox states and uncertainties
 */
		for (i = 0; i < inv_ptr->isotopes.size(); i++)
		{
			err = FALSE;
			primary_ptr = master_bsearch(inv_ptr->isotopes[i].elt_name);
			isotope_number = inv_ptr->isotopes[i].isotope_number;
			found_isotope = FALSE;
			std::map < std::string, cxxSolutionIsotope >::iterator kit = solution_ptr->Get_isotopes().begin();
			for ( ; kit != solution_ptr->Get_isotopes().end(); kit++)
			{
				class master *primary_kit = master_bsearch_primary(kit->second.Get_elt_name().c_str());
				if (primary_kit == primary_ptr &&
					kit->second.Get_isotope_number() ==
					isotope_number)
				{
					found_isotope = TRUE;
					break;
				}
			}
			if (found_isotope == TRUE)
				continue;

			/* did not find isotope, which is ok if element not in solution */
			if (primary_ptr == s_h2o->primary
				|| primary_ptr == s_hplus->primary)
			{
				err = TRUE;
			}
			else if (primary_ptr->total > 0)
			{
				err = TRUE;
			}
			if (err == TRUE)
			{
				error_string = sformatf(
						"In solution %d, isotope ratio(s) are needed for element: %g%s.",
						solution_ptr->Get_n_user(), (double) isotope_number,
						primary_ptr->elt->name);
				error_msg(error_string, CONTINUE);
				input_error++;
				continue;
			}
		}
/*
 *   Go through solution isotopes and set uncertainties
 */
		std::map < std::string, cxxSolutionIsotope >::iterator kit = solution_ptr->Get_isotopes().begin();
		for ( ; kit != solution_ptr->Get_isotopes().end(); kit++)
		{
			class master *master_kit = master_bsearch(kit->second.Get_elt_name().c_str());
			class master *primary_kit = master_bsearch_primary(kit->second.Get_elt_name().c_str());
			kit->second.Set_x_ratio_uncertainty(NAN);
/*
 *  Search for secondary or primary master in inverse uncertainties
 */
			ii = -1;
			for (i = 0; i < inv_ptr->i_u.size(); i++)
			{
				master_ptr = master_bsearch(inv_ptr->i_u[i].elt_name);
				if (master_ptr == master_kit)
				{
					ii = i;
					break;
				}
				if (master_ptr == primary_kit)
				{
					ii = i;
				}
			}
			/* solution isotope data not being used in inverse */
			if (ii == -1)
				continue;

			i = ii;
			/* use inverse-defined uncertainties first */
			if (j < inv_ptr->i_u[i].uncertainties.size()
				&& !std::isnan(inv_ptr->i_u[i].uncertainties[j]))
			{
				kit->second.Set_x_ratio_uncertainty(inv_ptr->i_u[i].uncertainties[j]);

				/* use solution-defined uncertainties second */
			}
			else if (inv_ptr->i_u[i].uncertainties.size() > 0
				&& !std::isnan(inv_ptr->i_u[i].uncertainties[inv_ptr->i_u[i].uncertainties.size() - 1]))
			{
				kit->second.Set_x_ratio_uncertainty(inv_ptr->i_u[i].uncertainties[inv_ptr->i_u[i].uncertainties.size() - 1]);

				/* use solution-defined uncertainties second */
			}
			else if (!std::isnan(kit->second.Get_ratio_uncertainty()))
			{
				kit->second.Set_x_ratio_uncertainty(
					kit->second.Get_ratio_uncertainty());
				/* use isotope defaults third */
			}
			else
			{
				snprintf(token, sizeof(token), "%g%s",
						(double) kit->second.Get_isotope_number(),
						kit->second.Get_elt_name().c_str());
				for (l = 0; l < count_iso_defaults; l++)
				{
					if (strcmp(token, iso_defaults[l].name) == 0)
					{
						kit->second.Set_x_ratio_uncertainty(
							iso_defaults[l].uncertainty);
						error_string = sformatf(
								"Solution %d,  element %g%s: default isotope ratio uncertainty is used, %g.",
								solution_ptr->Get_n_user(),
								(double) kit->second.Get_isotope_number(),
								kit->second.Get_elt_name().c_str(),
								kit->second.Get_x_ratio_uncertainty());
						warning_msg(error_string);
						break;
					}
				}
			}
			if (std::isnan(kit->second.Get_x_ratio_uncertainty()))
			{
				error_string = sformatf(
						"In solution %d, isotope ratio uncertainty is needed for element: %g%s.",
						solution_ptr->Get_n_user(),
						(double) kit->second.Get_isotope_number(),
						kit->second.Get_elt_name().c_str());
				error_msg(error_string, CONTINUE);
				input_error++;
			}
		}
	}
/*
 *  Check phases for necessary isotope data
 */
	for (j = 0; j < inv_ptr->phases.size(); j++)
	{
		for (i = 0; i < inv_ptr->isotopes.size(); i++)
		{
			primary_ptr = master_bsearch(inv_ptr->isotopes[i].elt_name);
			isotope_number = inv_ptr->isotopes[i].isotope_number;
			found_isotope = FALSE;
			for (k = 0; k < inv_ptr->phases[j].isotopes.size(); k++)
			{
				if (inv_ptr->phases[j].isotopes[k].primary == primary_ptr &&
					inv_ptr->phases[j].isotopes[k].isotope_number ==
					isotope_number)
				{
					found_isotope = TRUE;
					break;
				}
			}
			if (found_isotope == TRUE)
				continue;

			/* did not find isotope, which is ok if element not in solution */
			phase_ptr = inv_ptr->phases[j].phase;
			k = 0;
			while (phase_ptr->next_elt[k].elt != NULL)
			{
				if (phase_ptr->next_elt[k].elt->primary == primary_ptr)
				{
					if (s_hplus->primary == primary_ptr ||
						s_h2o->primary == primary_ptr)
					{
						k++;
						continue;
					}
					else
					{
						error_string = sformatf(
								"In phase %s, isotope ratio(s) are needed for element: %g%s.",
								phase_ptr->name, (double) isotope_number,
								primary_ptr->elt->name);
						error_msg(error_string, CONTINUE);
						input_error++;
						break;
					}
				}
				k++;
			}
		}
	}
	return (OK);
}
/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
int Phreeqc::
phase_isotope_inequalities(class inverse *inv_ptr)
/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
{
	size_t column;
	char token[MAX_LENGTH];
	if (inv_ptr->isotopes.size() <= 0)
		return OK;
	for (size_t i = 0; i < inv_ptr->phases.size(); i++)
	{
		if (inv_ptr->phases[i].isotopes.size() == 0)
			continue;

		for (size_t j = 0; j < inv_ptr->phases[i].isotopes.size(); j++)
		{
			/* find index number */
			size_t k = 0;
			for (k = 0; k < inv_ptr->isotopes.size(); k++)
			{
				if (inv_ptr->phases[i].isotopes[j].elt_name ==
					inv_ptr->isotopes[k].elt_name
					&& inv_ptr->phases[i].isotopes[j].isotope_number ==
					inv_ptr->isotopes[k].isotope_number)
				{
					break;
				}
			}
			if (k >= inv_ptr->isotopes.size())
				break;
			column = col_phase_isotopes + i * inv_ptr->isotopes.size() + k;
/*
 *   zero column if uncertainty is zero
 */
			if (inv_ptr->phases[i].isotopes[j].ratio_uncertainty == 0)
			{
				for (k = 0; k < count_rows; k++)
				{
					my_array[(size_t)k * max_column_count + (size_t)column] = 0.0;
				}
				continue;
			}

/* 
 *   optimization
 */
			my_array[((size_t)column - (size_t)col_epsilon) * max_column_count + (size_t)column] =
				SCALE_EPSILON / inv_ptr->phases[i].isotopes[j].ratio_uncertainty;
/*
 *   two inequalities to account for absolute value
 */
			/* for phases constrained to precipitate */
			if (inv_ptr->phases[i].constraint == PRECIPITATE)
			{
				my_array[count_rows * max_column_count + (size_t)col_phases + (size_t)i] =
					inv_ptr->phases[i].isotopes[j].ratio_uncertainty;
				my_array[count_rows * max_column_count + (size_t)column] = 1.0;
				snprintf(token, sizeof(token), "%s %s", inv_ptr->phases[i].phase->name,
						"iso pos");
				row_name[count_rows] = string_hsave(token);
				count_rows++;

				my_array[count_rows * max_column_count + (size_t)col_phases + (size_t)i] =
					inv_ptr->phases[i].isotopes[j].ratio_uncertainty;
				my_array[count_rows * max_column_count + (size_t)column] = -1.0;
				snprintf(token, sizeof(token), "%s %s", inv_ptr->phases[i].phase->name,
						"iso neg");
				row_name[count_rows] = string_hsave(token);
				count_rows++;

				/* for phases constrained to dissolve */
			}
			else if (inv_ptr->phases[i].constraint == DISSOLVE)
			{
				my_array[count_rows * max_column_count + (size_t)col_phases + (size_t)i] =
					-inv_ptr->phases[i].isotopes[j].ratio_uncertainty;
				my_array[count_rows * max_column_count + (size_t)column] = -1.0;
				snprintf(token, sizeof(token), "%s %s", inv_ptr->phases[i].phase->name,
						"iso pos");
				row_name[count_rows] = string_hsave(token);
				count_rows++;

				my_array[count_rows * max_column_count + (size_t)col_phases + (size_t)i] =
					-inv_ptr->phases[i].isotopes[j].ratio_uncertainty;
				my_array[count_rows * max_column_count + (size_t)column] = 1.0;
				snprintf(token, sizeof(token), "%s %s", inv_ptr->phases[i].phase->name,
						"iso neg");
				row_name[count_rows] = string_hsave(token);
				count_rows++;

				/* Error if phase is not constrained */
			}
			else
			{
				error_string = sformatf(
						"In isotope calculations, all phases containing isotopes must be"
						" constrained.\nPhase %s is not constrained.\n",
						inv_ptr->phases[i].phase->name);
				error_msg(error_string, CONTINUE);
				input_error++;
				continue;
			}
		}
	}
	return (OK);
}

/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
int Phreeqc::
write_optimize_names(class inverse *inv_ptr)
/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
{
	int i, j, row;
	char token[MAX_LENGTH];
	row = 0;
/*
 *   epsilons for analytical data
 */
	for (j = 0; j < inv_ptr->elts.size(); j++)
	{
		for (i = 0; i < inv_ptr->count_solns; i++)
		{
			snprintf(token, sizeof(token), "%s %s %d", "optimize",
					inv_ptr->elts[j].master->elt->name, inv_ptr->solns[i]);
			row_name[row] = string_hsave(token);
			row++;
		}
	}
/*
 *   pH
 */
	if (carbon > 0)
	{
		for (i = 0; i < inv_ptr->count_solns; i++)
		{
			snprintf(token, sizeof(token), "%s %s %d", "optimize", "pH", inv_ptr->solns[i]);
			row_name[row] = string_hsave(token);
			row++;
		}
	}
/*
 *   water
 */
	snprintf(token, sizeof(token), "%s %s", "optimize", "water");
	row_name[row] = string_hsave(token);
	row++;
/*
 *   solution isotopes
 */
	for (i = 0; i < inv_ptr->count_solns; i++)
	{
		for (j = 0; j < inv_ptr->isotope_unknowns.size(); j++)
		{
			snprintf(token, sizeof(token), "%s %d%s %d", "optimize",
					(int) inv_ptr->isotope_unknowns[j].isotope_number,
					inv_ptr->isotope_unknowns[j].elt_name, inv_ptr->solns[i]);
			row_name[row] = string_hsave(token);
			row++;
		}
	}
/*
 *   phase isotopes
 */

	for (i = 0; i < inv_ptr->phases.size(); i++)
	{
		for (j = 0; j < inv_ptr->isotopes.size(); j++)
		{
			snprintf(token, sizeof(token), "%s %s %d%s", "optimize",
					inv_ptr->phases[i].phase->name,
					(int) inv_ptr->isotopes[j].isotope_number,
					inv_ptr->isotopes[j].elt_name);
			row_name[row] = string_hsave(token);
			row++;
		}
	}
	return OK;
}

/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
void Phreeqc::
dump_netpath(class inverse *inverse_ptr)
/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
{
	std::string string;
	//const char* cptr;

	if (inverse_ptr->netpath == NULL)
		return;

	/* open file */
	string = inverse_ptr->netpath;
	if (replace(".lon", ".lon", string) != true)
	{
		string.append(".lon");
	}
	netpath_file = fopen(string.c_str(), "w");
	if (netpath_file == NULL)
	{
		error_string = sformatf( "Can`t open file, %s.", inverse_ptr->netpath);
		error_msg(error_string, STOP);
#if !defined(R_SO)
		exit(4);
#endif
	}
	add_to_file("netpath.fil", inverse_ptr->netpath);

	/* Header */
	fprintf(netpath_file,
			"2.14                                                       # File format\n");

	/* write out each solution */
	std::map<int, cxxSolution>::iterator it = Rxn_solution_map.begin();
	for ( ; it != Rxn_solution_map.end(); it++)
	{
		if (it->second.Get_n_user() < 0)
			continue;
		if (it->second.Get_description().size() > 0)
		{
			string = it->second.Get_description();
		}
		else
		{
			string = sformatf("Solution %d", it->second.Get_n_user());
		}
		fprintf(netpath_file, "4020%s\n", string.c_str());
		//description = (char *) free_check_null(description);
		/* lat/lon */
		fprintf(netpath_file,
				"                                                           # Lat/lon\n");

		/* well number */
		fprintf(netpath_file,
				"%15d                                            # Well number\n",
				it->second.Get_n_user());

		/* total number of wells */
		fprintf(netpath_file,
				"%15d                                            # Total wells\n",
				(int) Rxn_solution_map.size());

		/* address */
		fprintf(netpath_file,
				"                                                           # Address1\n");
		fprintf(netpath_file,
				"                                                           # Address2\n");
		fprintf(netpath_file,
				"                                                           # Address3\n");
		fprintf(netpath_file,
				"                                                           # Address4\n");
		fprintf(netpath_file,
				"                                                           # Address5\n");

		/* temperature */
		fprintf(netpath_file,
				"%15g                                            # Temperature\n",
				(double) it->second.Get_tc());

		/* pH */
		fprintf(netpath_file,
				"%15g                                            # pH\n",
				(double) it->second.Get_ph());

		/* DO */
		print_total(netpath_file, &(it->second), "O(0)", "Dissolved Oxygen");

		/* TDIC */
		print_total(netpath_file, &(it->second), "C(4)", "TDIC");

		/* Tritium */
		print_isotope(netpath_file, &(it->second), "3H(1)", "Tritium");

		/* H2S */
		print_total(netpath_file, &(it->second), "S(-2)", "H2S");

		/* Calcium */
		print_total(netpath_file, &(it->second), "Ca", "Calcium");

		/* Eh */
		fprintf(netpath_file,
				"%15g                                            # Eh\n",
				(double) (0.059 * it->second.Get_pe()));

		/* Magnesium */
		print_total(netpath_file, &(it->second), "Mg", "Magnesium");

		/* Sodium */
		print_total(netpath_file, &(it->second), "Na", "Sodium");

		/* Potassium */
		print_total(netpath_file, &(it->second), "K", "Potassium");

		/* Chloride */
		print_total(netpath_file, &(it->second), "Cl", "Chloride");

		/* Sulfate */
		print_total(netpath_file, &(it->second), "S(6)", "Sulfate");

		/* Fluoride */
		print_total(netpath_file, &(it->second), "F", "Fluoride");

		/* Silica */
		print_total(netpath_file, &(it->second), "Si", "Silica");

		/* Bromide */
		print_total(netpath_file, &(it->second), "Br", "Bromide");

		/* Boron */
		print_total(netpath_file, &(it->second), "B", "Boron");

		/* Barium */
		print_total(netpath_file, &(it->second), "Ba", "Barium");

		/* Lithium */
		print_total(netpath_file, &(it->second), "Li", "Lithium");

		/* Strontium */
		print_total(netpath_file, &(it->second), "Sr", "Strontium");

		/* Iron */
		print_total_multi(netpath_file, &(it->second), "Iron", "Fe", "Fe(2)",
						  "Fe(3)", "", "");


		/* Manganese */
		print_total_multi(netpath_file, &(it->second), "Manganese", "Mn",
						  "Mn(2)", "Mn(3)", "Mn(6)", "Mn(7)");

		/* Nitrate */
		print_total(netpath_file, &(it->second), "N(5)", "Nitrate");

		/* Ammonium */
		print_total_multi(netpath_file, &(it->second), "Ammonium", "N(-3)",
						  "Amm", "", "", "");

		/* Phosphate */
		print_total(netpath_file, &(it->second), "P", "Phosphate");

		/* DOC */
		print_total_multi(netpath_file, &(it->second), "DOC", "Fulvate",
						  "Humate", "", "", "");

		/* Sp. Cond. */
		fprintf(netpath_file,
				"                                                           # Sp. Cond.\n");

		/* Density */
		fprintf(netpath_file,
				"                                                           # Density\n");

		/* Delta C-13 TDIC */
		print_isotope(netpath_file, &(it->second), "13C(4)", "Delta C-13 TDIC");

		/* C-14 TDIC */
		print_isotope(netpath_file, &(it->second), "14C(4)", "C-14 TDIC");

		/* Delta S-34 (SO4) */
		print_isotope(netpath_file, &(it->second), "34S(6)",
					  "Delta S-34 (SO4)");

		/* Delta S-34 (H2S) */
		print_isotope(netpath_file, &(it->second), "34S(-2)",
					  "Delta S-34 (H2S)");

		/* Delta Deuterium */
		print_isotope(netpath_file, &(it->second), "2H(1)", "Delta Deuterium");

		/* Delta O-18 */
		print_isotope(netpath_file, &(it->second), "18O(-2)", "Delta O-18");

		/* CH4 (aq) */
		print_total(netpath_file, &(it->second), "C(-4)", "CH4 (aq)");

		/* Sr 87/86 */
		print_isotope(netpath_file, &(it->second), "87Sr", "Sr 87/86");

		/* Al */
		print_total(netpath_file, &(it->second), "Al", "Alumninum");

		/* N2 (aq) */
		print_total(netpath_file, &(it->second), "N(0)", "N2 (aq)");

		/* N-15 of N2 (aq) */
		print_isotope(netpath_file, &(it->second), "15N(0)", "N-15 of N2 (aq)");

		/* N-15 of Nitrate */
		print_isotope(netpath_file, &(it->second), "15N(5)", "N-15 of Nitrate");

		/* N-15 of Ammonium */
		print_isotope(netpath_file, &(it->second), "15N(-3)",
					  "N-15 of Ammonium");

		/* Formation */
		fprintf(netpath_file,
				"                                                           # Formation\n");

	}
	if (netpath_file != NULL)
	{
		fclose(netpath_file);
		netpath_file = NULL;
	}
	return;
}
/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
LDBLE Phreeqc::
get_inv_total(cxxSolution *solution_ptr, const char *elt)
/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
{
	cxxNameDouble::iterator jit = solution_ptr->Get_totals().begin();
	for ( ; jit != solution_ptr->Get_totals().end(); jit++)
	{
		if (strcmp(elt, jit->first.c_str()) == 0)
			return jit->second;
	}
	return (0);

}
/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
cxxSolutionIsotope *Phreeqc::get_isotope(cxxSolution *solution_ptr, const char *elt)
/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
{
	std::string str_elt = elt;
	std::map<std::string, cxxSolutionIsotope>::iterator it;
	it = solution_ptr->Get_isotopes().find(str_elt);
	if (it != solution_ptr->Get_isotopes().end())
	{
		return &(it->second);
	}
	return (NULL);
}
/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
void Phreeqc::
print_total(FILE * l_netpath_file, cxxSolution *solution_ptr,
			const char *elt, const char *string)
/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
{
	LDBLE moles = get_inv_total(solution_ptr, elt);
	if (moles == 0)
	{
		fprintf(l_netpath_file,
				"                                                           # %s\n",
				string);
	}
	else
	{
		fprintf(l_netpath_file,
				"%15g                                            # %s\n",
				(double) (1000 * moles / solution_ptr->Get_mass_water()),
				string);
	}
}
/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
void Phreeqc::
print_isotope(FILE * l_netpath_file, cxxSolution *solution_ptr,
			  const char *elt, const char *string)
/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
{
	cxxSolutionIsotope *iso_ptr;
	iso_ptr = get_isotope(solution_ptr, elt);
	if (iso_ptr == NULL)
	{
		fprintf(l_netpath_file,
				"                                                           # %s\n",
				string);
	}
	else
	{
		fprintf(l_netpath_file,
				"%15g                                            # %s\n",
				(double) iso_ptr->Get_ratio(), string);
	}
}
/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
void Phreeqc::
print_total_multi(FILE * l_netpath_file, cxxSolution *solution_ptr,
				  const char *string, const char *elt0, const char *elt1,
				  const char *elt2, const char *elt3, const char *elt4)
/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
{
	char elts[5][MAX_LENGTH];
	LDBLE moles;
	LDBLE sum;
	int i, found;

	Utilities::strcpy_safe(elts[0], MAX_LENGTH, elt0);
	Utilities::strcpy_safe(elts[1], MAX_LENGTH, elt1);
	Utilities::strcpy_safe(elts[2], MAX_LENGTH, elt2);
	Utilities::strcpy_safe(elts[3], MAX_LENGTH, elt3);
	Utilities::strcpy_safe(elts[4], MAX_LENGTH, elt4);


	sum = 0;
	found = FALSE;
	for (i = 0; i < 5; i++)
	{
		moles = get_inv_total(solution_ptr, elts[i]);
		if (moles == 0)
		{
			continue;
		}
		else
		{
			sum += moles;
			found = TRUE;
		}
	}
	if (found != TRUE)
	{
		fprintf(l_netpath_file,
				"                                                           # %s\n",
				string);
	}
	else
	{
		fprintf(l_netpath_file,
				"%15g                                            # %s\n",
				(double) (1000 * sum / solution_ptr->Get_mass_water()), string);
	}
	return;
}
/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
int Phreeqc::
dump_netpath_pat(class inverse *inv_ptr)
/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
{
/*
 *   Prints model
 */
	int i, j, k;
	cxxSolution *solution_ptr, *solution_ptr_orig;
	class master *master_ptr;
	LDBLE d1, d2, d3;
	LDBLE sum, sum1, sum_iso, d;
	std::vector<double> array_save, l_delta_save;
	size_t count_unknowns_save, max_row_count_save,
		max_column_count_save, count_current_solutions;
	int temp, temp_punch;
	int solnmap[10][2];
	FILE *model_file;
	const class elt_list *next_elt;
	int exch;
	size_t column;
	LDBLE f;
	class rxn_token *rxn_ptr;
/*
 *   print solution data, epsilons, and revised data
 */
	if (inv_ptr->pat == NULL)
		return (OK);

	array_save = my_array;
	l_delta_save = delta;
	count_unknowns_save = count_unknowns;
	max_row_count_save = max_row_count;
	max_column_count_save = max_column_count;

	count_unknowns = 0;
	max_row_count = 0;
	max_column_count = 0;

	count_current_solutions = 0;
	count_inverse_models++;

	for (i = 0; i < inv_ptr->count_solns; i++)
	{
		if (equal(inv_delta1[i], 0.0, toler) == TRUE)
			continue;
		solution_ptr_orig = Utilities::Rxn_find(Rxn_solution_map, inv_ptr->solns[i]);
		Utilities::Rxn_copy(Rxn_solution_map, solution_ptr_orig->Get_n_user(), -6);
		solution_ptr = Utilities::Rxn_find(Rxn_solution_map, -6);
		xsolution_zero();

		/* Adjust pH */
		if (inv_ptr->carbon == TRUE)
		{
			d1 = solution_ptr->Get_ph();
			d2 = inv_delta1[col_ph + i] / inv_delta1[i];
			d3 = d1 + d2;
			solution_ptr->Set_ph(d3);
		}

		/* put original totals in master */
		cxxNameDouble::iterator jit = solution_ptr->Get_totals().begin();
		for ( ; jit != solution_ptr->Get_totals().end(); jit++)
		{
			master_ptr = master_bsearch(jit->first.c_str());
			master_ptr->total = jit->second;
		}

		/* ignore alkalinity */
		/*master_alk->total = solution_ptr->total_alkalinity; */

		/* update total in master */
		for (j = 0; j < inv_ptr->elts.size(); j++)
		{
			if (inv_ptr->elts[j].master->s == s_eminus)
				continue;
			d1 = inv_ptr->elts[j].master->total;
			d2 = inv_delta1[col_epsilon + j * inv_ptr->count_solns +
						i] / inv_delta1[i];
			d3 = d1 + d2;
			inv_ptr->elts[j].master->total = d3;
		}

		/* put updated total back in solution */
		cxxNameDouble nd;
		jit = solution_ptr->Get_totals().begin();
		for ( ; jit != solution_ptr->Get_totals().end(); jit++)
		{
			master_ptr = master_bsearch(jit->first.c_str());
			nd[jit->first] = master_ptr->total;
		}
		solution_ptr->Set_totals(nd);

		/* update isotopes in solution */
		if (inv_ptr->isotopes.size() > 0)
		{
			/* adjustments to solution isotope composition */
			for (j = 0; j < inv_ptr->isotope_unknowns.size(); j++)
			{
				std::map < std::string, cxxSolutionIsotope >::iterator kit = solution_ptr->Get_isotopes().begin();
				for ( ; kit != solution_ptr->Get_isotopes().end(); kit++)
				{
					if (inv_ptr->isotope_unknowns[j].elt_name !=
						string_hsave(kit->second.Get_elt_name().c_str()) ||
						inv_ptr->isotope_unknowns[j].isotope_number !=
						kit->second.Get_isotope_number())
						continue;
					d1 = kit->second.Get_ratio();
					d2 = inv_delta1[col_isotopes +
								i * inv_ptr->isotope_unknowns.size() +
								j] / inv_delta1[i];
					d3 = d1 + d2;
					kit->second.Set_ratio(d3);
				}
			}
		}

		set_initial_solution(-6, -7);
		temp = pr.all;
		pr.all = FALSE;
		temp_punch = pr.punch;
		pr.punch = FALSE;
		phrq_io->Set_punch_on(false);
		initial_solutions(FALSE);
		pr.all = temp;
		pr.punch = temp_punch;
		phrq_io->Set_punch_on(pr.punch == TRUE);
		solution_ptr = Utilities::Rxn_find(Rxn_solution_map, -7);

		/* Header */
		std::string string;
		if (solution_ptr_orig->Get_description().size() > 0)
		{
			fprintf(netpath_file, "%d. %s\n", count_inverse_models,
					solution_ptr_orig->Get_description().c_str());
		}
		else
		{
			fprintf(netpath_file, "%d. Solution %d\n", count_inverse_models,
					solution_ptr_orig->Get_n_user());
		}

		/* bookkeeping */
		count_pat_solutions++;
		solnmap[count_current_solutions][0] = solution_ptr_orig->Get_n_user();
		solnmap[count_current_solutions][1] = count_pat_solutions;
		count_current_solutions++;

		/* Dump info to .pat file */
		print_total_pat(netpath_file, "C", "C");
		print_total_pat(netpath_file, "S", "S");
		print_total_pat(netpath_file, "Ca", "CA");
		print_total_pat(netpath_file, "Al", "AL");
		print_total_pat(netpath_file, "Mg", "MG");
		print_total_pat(netpath_file, "Na", "NA");
		print_total_pat(netpath_file, "K", "K");
		print_total_pat(netpath_file, "Cl", "CL");
		print_total_pat(netpath_file, "F", "F");
		print_total_pat(netpath_file, "Si", "SI");
		print_total_pat(netpath_file, "Br", "BR");
		print_total_pat(netpath_file, "B", "B");
		print_total_pat(netpath_file, "Ba", "BA");
		print_total_pat(netpath_file, "Li", "LI");
		print_total_pat(netpath_file, "Sr", "SR");
		print_total_pat(netpath_file, "Fe", "FE");
		print_total_pat(netpath_file, "Mn", "MN");
		print_total_pat(netpath_file, "N", "N");
		print_total_pat(netpath_file, "P", "P");
		fprintf(netpath_file, "%14g     # TEMP\n", (double) solution_ptr->Get_tc());
		print_total_pat(netpath_file, "S(-2)", "H2S");
		print_total_pat(netpath_file, "S(6)", "SO4");

		/* N15 */
		sum_iso = 0;
		sum = 0;
		std::map < std::string, cxxSolutionIsotope >::iterator kit = solution_ptr->Get_isotopes().begin();
		for ( ; kit != solution_ptr->Get_isotopes().end(); kit++)
		{
			if (strstr(kit->second.Get_isotope_name().c_str(), "15N") != NULL)
			{
				d = total(kit->second.Get_elt_name().c_str());
				sum_iso += kit->second.Get_ratio() * d;
				sum += d;
			}
		}
		if (sum == 0)
		{
			fprintf(netpath_file, "%14g*    # N15\n", (double) sum);
		}
		else
		{
			fprintf(netpath_file, "%14g     # N15\n",
					(double) (sum_iso / sum));
		}

		/* RS of N */
		sum = 0;
		sum =
			total("N(-3)") * -3 + total("N(0)") * 0 + total("N(3)") * 3 +
			total("N(5)") * 5;
		sum1 = total("N(-3)") + total("N(0)") + total("N(3)") + total("N(5)");
		if (sum1 == 0)
		{
			fprintf(netpath_file, "%14g*    # RS of N\n", (double) sum1);
		}
		else
		{
			fprintf(netpath_file, "%14g     # RS of N\n",
					(double) (sum / sum1));
		}

		/* DOX */
		print_total_pat(netpath_file, "O(0)", "DOX");

		/*HCO3 */
		d = 1000 * sum_match_species("*HCO3*", "C");
		if (d == 0.0)
		{
			fprintf(netpath_file, "%14g*    # HCO3\n", (double) d);
		}
		else
		{
			fprintf(netpath_file, "%14g     # HCO3\n", (double) d);
		}

		/* pH */
		fprintf(netpath_file, "%14g     # PH\n", (double) solution_ptr->Get_ph());

		/*H2CO3* */
		d = 1000 * (molality("H2CO3") + molality("CO2"));
		if (d == 0.0)
		{
			fprintf(netpath_file, "%14g*    # H2CO3\n", (double) d);
		}
		else
		{
			fprintf(netpath_file, "%14g     # H2CO3\n", (double) d);
		}

		/*CO3 */
		d = sum_match_species("*CO3*", "C");
		d -= sum_match_species("*HCO3*", "C");
		d *= 1000.0;
		if (d == 0.0)
		{
			fprintf(netpath_file, "%14g*     # CO3\n", (double) d);
		}
		else
		{
			fprintf(netpath_file, "%14g     # CO3\n", (double) d);
		}

		/* CARBONATES */
		print_total_pat(netpath_file, "C(4)", "CARBONATES");
		print_total_pat(netpath_file, "Fe(2)", "FE2+");
		print_total_pat(netpath_file, "Fe(3)", "FE3+");
		print_total_pat(netpath_file, "Mn(2)", "MN2+");
		print_total_pat(netpath_file, "Mn(3)", "MN3+");
		print_total_pat(netpath_file, "Mn(6)", "MN6+");
		print_total_pat(netpath_file, "Mn(7)", "MN7+");
		print_total_pat(netpath_file, "C(-4)", "CH4");
		print_total_pat(netpath_file, "Doc", "DOC");

		/*RS OF DOC */
		fprintf(netpath_file, "%14g*    # RS OF DOC\n", 0.0);

		/* Blank */
		print_total_pat(netpath_file, "Blank", "BLANK");

		/*C13 */
		sum_iso = 0;
		sum = 0;
		kit = solution_ptr->Get_isotopes().begin();
		for ( ; kit != solution_ptr->Get_isotopes().end(); kit++)
		{
			if (strstr(kit->second.Get_isotope_name().c_str(), "13C") != NULL)
			{
				d = total(kit->second.Get_elt_name().c_str());
				sum_iso += kit->second.Get_ratio() * d;
				sum += d;
			}
		}
		if (sum == 0)
		{
			fprintf(netpath_file, "%14g*    # C13\n", (double) sum);
		}
		else
		{
			fprintf(netpath_file, "%14g     # C13\n",
					(double) (sum_iso / sum));
		}

		/*C14 */
		sum_iso = 0;
		sum = 0;
		kit = solution_ptr->Get_isotopes().begin();
		for ( ; kit != solution_ptr->Get_isotopes().end(); kit++)
		{
			if (strstr(kit->second.Get_isotope_name().c_str(), "14C") != NULL)
			{
				d = total(kit->second.Get_elt_name().c_str());
				sum_iso += kit->second.Get_ratio() * d;
				sum += d;
			}
		}
		if (sum == 0)
		{
			fprintf(netpath_file, "%14g*    # C14\n", (double) sum);
		}
		else
		{
			fprintf(netpath_file, "%14g     # C14\n",
					(double) (sum_iso / sum));
		}

		/*SR87 */
		sum_iso = 0;
		sum = 0;
		kit = solution_ptr->Get_isotopes().begin();
		for ( ; kit != solution_ptr->Get_isotopes().end(); kit++)
		{
			if (strstr(kit->second.Get_isotope_name().c_str(), "87Sr") !=
				NULL)
			{
				d = total(kit->second.Get_elt_name().c_str());
				sum_iso += kit->second.Get_ratio() * d;
				sum += d;
			}
		}
		if (sum == 0)
		{
			fprintf(netpath_file, "%14g*    # SR87\n", (double) sum);
		}
		else
		{
			fprintf(netpath_file, "%14g     # SR87\n",
					(double) (sum_iso / sum));
		}

		 /*D*/ sum_iso = 0;
		sum = 0;
		kit = solution_ptr->Get_isotopes().begin();
		for ( ; kit != solution_ptr->Get_isotopes().end(); kit++)
		{
			if (strstr(kit->second.Get_isotope_name().c_str(), "2H") != NULL)
			{
				d = total(kit->second.Get_elt_name().c_str());
				sum_iso += kit->second.Get_ratio() * d;
				sum += d;
			}
		}
		if (sum == 0)
		{
			fprintf(netpath_file, "%14g*    # D\n", (double) sum);
		}
		else
		{
			fprintf(netpath_file, "%14g     # D\n", (double) (sum_iso / sum));
		}

		/*O-18 */
		sum_iso = 0;
		sum = 0;
		kit = solution_ptr->Get_isotopes().begin();
		for ( ; kit != solution_ptr->Get_isotopes().end(); kit++)
		{
			if (strstr(kit->second.Get_isotope_name().c_str(), "18O") != NULL)
			{
				if (strcmp(kit->second.Get_elt_name().c_str(), "O(-2)") == 0)
				{
					d = solution_ptr->Get_total_o() - total("O(0)");
				}
				else if (strcmp(kit->second.Get_elt_name().c_str(), "H(1)")
						 == 0)
				{
					d = solution_ptr->Get_total_h() - total("H(0)");
				}
				else
				{
					d = total(kit->second.Get_elt_name().c_str());
				}
				sum_iso += kit->second.Get_ratio() * d;
				sum += d;
			}
		}
		if (sum == 0)
		{
			fprintf(netpath_file, "%14g*    # O-18\n", (double) sum);
		}
		else
		{
			fprintf(netpath_file, "%14g     # O-18\n",
					(double) (sum_iso / sum));
		}

		 /*TRITIUM*/ sum_iso = 0;
		sum = 0;
		kit = solution_ptr->Get_isotopes().begin();
		for ( ; kit != solution_ptr->Get_isotopes().end(); kit++)
		{
			if (strstr(kit->second.Get_isotope_name().c_str(), "3H") != NULL)
			{
				d = total(kit->second.Get_elt_name().c_str());
				sum_iso += kit->second.Get_ratio() * d;
				sum += d;
			}
		}
		if (sum == 0)
		{
			fprintf(netpath_file, "%14g*    # TRITIUM\n", (double) sum);
		}
		else
		{
			fprintf(netpath_file, "%14g     # TRITIUM\n",
					(double) (sum_iso / sum));
		}

		/*34SSO4 */
		sum_iso = 0;
		sum = 0;
		kit = solution_ptr->Get_isotopes().begin();
		for ( ; kit != solution_ptr->Get_isotopes().end(); kit++)
		{
			if (strstr(kit->second.Get_isotope_name().c_str(), "34S(6)") !=
				NULL)
			{
				d = total(kit->second.Get_elt_name().c_str());
				sum_iso += kit->second.Get_ratio() * d;
				sum += d;
			}
		}
		if (sum == 0)
		{
			fprintf(netpath_file, "%14g*    # 34SSO4\n", (double) sum);
		}
		else
		{
			fprintf(netpath_file, "%14g     # 34SSO4\n",
					(double) (sum_iso / sum));
		}

		/*34SH2S */
		sum_iso = 0;
		sum = 0;
		kit = solution_ptr->Get_isotopes().begin();
		for ( ; kit != solution_ptr->Get_isotopes().end(); kit++)
		{
			if (strstr(kit->second.Get_isotope_name().c_str(), "34S(-2)") !=
				NULL)
			{
				d = total(kit->second.Get_elt_name().c_str());
				sum_iso += kit->second.Get_ratio() * d;
				sum += d;
			}
		}
		if (sum == 0)
		{
			fprintf(netpath_file, "%14g*    # 34SH2S\n", (double) sum);
		}
		else
		{
			fprintf(netpath_file, "%14g     # 34SH2S\n",
					(double) (sum_iso / sum));
		}

		/* Well number */
		fprintf(netpath_file, "%14d     # Well number\n",
				count_pat_solutions);
	}
	my_array = array_save;
	delta = l_delta_save;
	count_unknowns = count_unknowns_save;
	max_row_count = max_row_count_save;
	max_column_count = max_column_count_save;

/*
 * Open model file
 */
	std::string string;
	string = inv_ptr->pat;
	replace(".pat", "", string);
	trim(string);
	std::string string1 = sformatf("%s-%d.mod", string.c_str(), count_inverse_models);
	model_file = fopen(string1.c_str(), "w");
	if (model_file == NULL)
	{
		error_string = sformatf( "Can`t open file, %s.", string.c_str());
		error_msg(error_string, STOP);
	}
	add_to_file("model.fil", string1.c_str());


/*
 * Write header
 */
	fprintf(model_file, "%s\n", string.c_str());

/*
 * Write well numbers
 */
	for (i = 0; i < count_current_solutions; i++)
	{
		fprintf(model_file, "%3d", solnmap[i][1]);
	}
	fprintf(model_file, "\n");
/*
 * Write elements
 */
	xsolution_zero();
	for (j = 0; j < (int)master.size(); j++)
	{
		master[j]->in = FALSE;
	}
	for (j = 0; j < inv_ptr->elts.size(); j++)
	{
		master_ptr = inv_ptr->elts[j].master;
		master_ptr = master_ptr->elt->primary;
		if (strcmp(master_ptr->elt->name, "Alkalinity") == 0)
			continue;
		if (strcmp(master_ptr->elt->name, "H") == 0)
			continue;
		if (strcmp(master_ptr->elt->name, "O") == 0)
			continue;
		if (strcmp(master_ptr->elt->name, "X") == 0)
			continue;
		if (strcmp(master_ptr->elt->name, "E") == 0)
			continue;
		master_ptr->in = TRUE;
	}
	for (j = 0; j < (int)master.size(); j++)
	{
		if (master[j]->in == TRUE)
		{
			string = master[j]->elt->name;
			Utilities::str_toupper(string);
			fprintf(model_file, " %-2s", string.c_str());
		}
	}
	fprintf(model_file, " %-2s", "RS");
/*
 * Add isotope mole balance
 */
	for (j = 0; j < inv_ptr->isotopes.size(); j++)
	{
		string = sformatf("%d%s", (int) inv_ptr->isotopes[j].isotope_number,
				inv_ptr->isotopes[j].elt_name);
		if (strcmp(string.c_str(), "13C") == 0)
			fprintf(model_file, " %-2s", "I1");
		if (strcmp(string.c_str(), "14C") == 0)
			fprintf(model_file, " %-2s", "I2");
		if (strcmp(string.c_str(), "34S") == 0)
			fprintf(model_file, " %-2s", "I3");
		if (strcmp(string.c_str(), "87Sr") == 0)
			fprintf(model_file, " %-2s", "I4");
		if (strcmp(string.c_str(), "15N") == 0)
			fprintf(model_file, " %-2s", "I9");
		if (strcmp(string.c_str(), "2H") == 0)
			fprintf(model_file, " %-2s", "D ");
		if (strcmp(string.c_str(), "3H") == 0)
			fprintf(model_file, " %-2s", "TR");
		if (strcmp(string.c_str(), "18O") == 0)
			fprintf(model_file, " %-2s", "18");
	}

	/* end of element line */
	fprintf(model_file, "\n");

/*
 * Write phase information
 */
	for (size_t i = 0; i < inv_ptr->phases.size(); i++)
	{
		size_t j = col_phases + i;
		/* skip if not in model */
/*    if (equal (inv_delta1[j], 0.0, toler) == TRUE) continue;*/

		/* Do not include Na exchange phase */
		if (strcmp_nocase(inv_ptr->phases[i].name, "NaX") == 0)
			continue;
/*
 * Determine if exchange reaction
 */
		exch = FALSE;
		for (next_elt = &inv_ptr->phases[i].phase->next_elt[0];
			 next_elt->elt != NULL; next_elt++)
		{
			if (strcmp(next_elt->elt->name, "X") == 0)
			{
				exch = TRUE;
				break;
			}
		}
/*
 * Write phase name and constraints
 */
		string = inv_ptr->phases[i].name;
		string = string.substr(0,8);
		string = Utilities::pad_right(string, 8);
		if (inv_ptr->phases[i].force == TRUE)
		{
			string += 'F';
		}
		else
		{
			string += ' ';
		}
		switch (inv_ptr->phases[i].constraint)
		{
		case EITHER:
			string += ' ';
			break;
		case PRECIPITATE:
			if (exch == TRUE)
			{
				string += '+';
			}
			else
			{
				string += '-';
			}
			break;
		case DISSOLVE:
			if (exch == TRUE)
			{
				string += '-';
			}
			else
			{
				string += '+';
			}
			break;
		}
		fprintf(model_file, "%-10s", string.c_str());
/*
 *  Write stoichiometry
 */
		for (next_elt = &inv_ptr->phases[i].phase->next_elt[0];
			 next_elt->elt != NULL; next_elt++)
		{
			f = 1.0;
			if (exch == TRUE)
				f = -1.0;
			master_ptr = next_elt->elt->primary;
			if (strcmp(master_ptr->elt->name, "Alkalinity") == 0)
				continue;
			if (strcmp(master_ptr->elt->name, "H") == 0)
				continue;
			if (strcmp(master_ptr->elt->name, "O") == 0)
				continue;
			if (strcmp(master_ptr->elt->name, "E") == 0)
				continue;
			string = master_ptr->elt->name;

			if (strcmp(master_ptr->elt->name, "X") == 0)
			{
				string = "Na";
				f = 1.0;
			}
			Utilities::str_toupper(string);
			fprintf(model_file, " %-2s%12.7f", string.c_str(),
					(double) (next_elt->coef * f));
		}
/*
 * Calculate RS
 */
		std::string token;
		sum = 0;
		for (rxn_ptr = &inv_ptr->phases[i].phase->rxn_s.token[0] + 1;
			 rxn_ptr->s != NULL; rxn_ptr++)
		{
			if (rxn_ptr->s == s_hplus)
				continue;
			if (rxn_ptr->s == s_h2o)
				continue;
			if (rxn_ptr->s->secondary == NULL && rxn_ptr->s != s_eminus)
				continue;
			if (rxn_ptr->s == s_o2)
			{
				sum += 4 * rxn_ptr->coef;
			}
			else if (rxn_ptr->s == s_h2)
			{
				sum += -2 * rxn_ptr->coef;
			}
			else if (rxn_ptr->s == s_eminus)
			{
				sum += -1 * rxn_ptr->coef;
			}
			else
			{
				string = rxn_ptr->s->secondary->elt->name;
				replace("(", " ", string);
				replace(")", " ", string);
				std::string::iterator b = string.begin();
				std::string::iterator e = string.end();
				CParser::copy_token(token, b, e);
				CParser::copy_token(string1, b, e);
				(void)sscanf(string1.c_str(), SCANFORMAT, &f);
				sum += f * rxn_ptr->coef;
			}
		}
		if (sum != 0.0)
			fprintf(model_file, " %-2s%12.7f", "RS", (double) sum);
/*
 * Add isotopes
 */

		for (k = 0; k < inv_ptr->phases[i].isotopes.size(); k++)
		{
			std::vector<class isotope>& isotope_ref = inv_ptr->phases[i].isotopes;
			d1 = isotope_ref[k].ratio;
			for (j = 0; j < inv_ptr->isotopes.size(); j++)
			{
				if ((inv_ptr->isotopes[j].elt_name != isotope_ref[k].elt_name)
					|| (inv_ptr->isotopes[j].isotope_number !=
						isotope_ref[k].isotope_number))
					continue;
				break;
			}
			d2 = 0.0;
			if (j < inv_ptr->isotopes.size())
			{
				column = col_phase_isotopes + i * inv_ptr->isotopes.size() + j;
				if (inv_delta1[col_phases + i] != 0.0)
				{
					d2 = inv_delta1[column] / inv_delta1[col_phases + i];
				}
			}
			d3 = d1 + d2;
			string = sformatf("%d%s", (int)isotope_ref[k].isotope_number,
				isotope_ref[k].elt_name);
			if (strcmp(string.c_str(), "13C") == 0)
				fprintf(model_file, " %-2s%12.7f", "I1", (double) d3);
			if (strcmp(string.c_str(), "14C") == 0)
				fprintf(model_file, " %-2s%12.7f", "I2", (double) d3);
			if (strcmp(string.c_str(), "34S") == 0)
			{
				fprintf(model_file, " %-2s%12.7f", "I3", (double) d3);
				fprintf(model_file, " %-2s%12.7f", "I7", 0.0);
			}
			if (strcmp(string.c_str(), "87Sr") == 0)
				fprintf(model_file, " %-2s%12.7f", "I4", (double) d3);
			if (strcmp(string.c_str(), "15N") == 0)
				fprintf(model_file, " %-2s%12.7f", "I9", (double) d3);
			if (strcmp(string.c_str(), "2H") == 0)
				fprintf(model_file, " %-2s%12.7f", "D ", (double) d3);
			if (strcmp(string.c_str(), "3H") == 0)
				fprintf(model_file, " %-2s%12.7f", "TR", (double) d3);
			if (strcmp(string.c_str(), "18O") == 0)
				fprintf(model_file, " %-2s%12.7f", "18", (double) d3);
		}
/*
 *  Done with stoichiometry
 */
		fprintf(model_file, "\n");
	}
	fprintf(model_file, "\n");
/*
 * Write extra stuff at bottom
 */
	/* 
	   (Iflag(i),i=2,6), (P(i),i=1,2), (Isdocrs(i),i=0,5), Disalong, 
	   (C14dat(i),i=1,5), (Usera(i),i=1,2), 
	   (C14dat(i),i=8,9), i10, i11, (C14dat(i),i=12,13), 
	   (Dbdata(Well(0),i),i=44,47), Dbdata(Well(0),49),
	   ((Dbdata(Well(iwell),i),i=44,47),Dbdata(Well(iwell),49),Usera(iwell),iwell=1,Iflag(1)+1)
	   9030 FORMAT (5(I2),2(F8.4),6(I1),F6.3,/,
	   7(F8.3),/,
	   2(F8.3),2(F8.0), 2(F8.3),/,
	   5(F8.3),/,
	   7(6(F8.3),/))
	 */
	/* iflags */
	/*fprintf(model_file,"%2d", i); */ /* not written, 1, mixing, number of mixing wells -1 */
	fprintf(model_file, "%2d", 3);	/* 2, exchange */
	i = 0;
	if (inv_ptr->isotopes.size() > 0)
		i = 1;
	fprintf(model_file, "%2d", i);	/* 3, Rayleigh */
	fprintf(model_file, "%2d", 1);	/* 4, A0 model */
	fprintf(model_file, "%2d", 0);	/* 5, Mook/Deines */
	fprintf(model_file, "%2d", 0);	/* 6, Evaporation/Dilution */
	/* p */
	fprintf(model_file, "%8.4f%8.4f", 1.0, 0.0);	/* P(1),(2) fraction of CO2, fraction of Ca in exch */
	fprintf(model_file, "000000");	/* isdocrs(0,5) doc, rs? */
	fprintf(model_file, "%6.3f\n", 1.0);	/* disalong */
	fprintf(model_file,
			"   0.000 100.000   0.000   0.000 -25.000 100.000 100.000\n");
	fprintf(model_file,
			"   0.000   0.000      0.      0.   0.000   0.000  \n");
	/* Final well data */
	fprintf(model_file, " -40.000 -25.000   0.000   0.000   0.000\n");
	/* other wells */
	for (i = 0; i < count_current_solutions - 1; i++)
	{
		fprintf(model_file,
				" -40.000 -25.000   0.000   0.000   0.000 100.000\n");
	}
	fprintf(model_file, "\n");
	fclose(model_file);
	state = INVERSE;
	return (OK);
}
/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
void Phreeqc::
print_total_pat(FILE * l_netpath_file, const char *elt, const char *string)
/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
{
	LDBLE d;
	d = 1000.0 * total(elt);
	if (strcmp(elt,"O(0)") == 0)
	{
		d = d/2.0;
	}
	if (d == 0)
	{
		fprintf(l_netpath_file, "%14g%1s    # %s\n", (double) d, "*", string);
	}
	else
	{
		fprintf(l_netpath_file, "%14g%1s    # %s\n", (double) d, " ", string);
	}
}
/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
int Phreeqc::
set_initial_solution(int n_user_old, int n_user_new)
/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
{
	cxxSolution *solution_ptr;
	Utilities::Rxn_copy(Rxn_solution_map, n_user_old, n_user_new);
	Rxn_new_solution.insert(n_user_new);
	solution_ptr = Utilities::Rxn_find(Rxn_solution_map, n_user_new);
	solution_ptr->Set_new_def(true);
	if (solution_ptr->Get_initial_data() == NULL)
		solution_ptr->Create_initial_data();
	solution_ptr->Set_n_user_end(n_user_new);
	cxxNameDouble::iterator jit = solution_ptr->Get_totals().begin();
	for ( ; jit != solution_ptr->Get_totals().end(); jit++)
	{
		cxxISolutionComp temp_comp;
		temp_comp.Set_description(jit->first.c_str());
		temp_comp.Set_input_conc(jit->second / solution_ptr->Get_mass_water());
		temp_comp.Set_units("Mol/kgw");
		solution_ptr->Get_initial_data()->Get_comps()[jit->first.c_str()] = temp_comp;
	}
	return (OK);
}
/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
int Phreeqc::
add_to_file(const char *filename, const char *string)
/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
{
	FILE *model_file;
	char c;
	int i;
	char string_line[MAX_LINE];

	model_file = fopen(filename, "r");
	if (model_file == NULL)
	{
		model_file = fopen(filename, "w");
	}
	if (model_file == NULL)
	{
		error_string = sformatf( "Can`t open file, %s.", filename);
		error_msg(error_string, STOP);
#if !defined(R_SO)
		exit(4);
#endif
	}
	i = 0;
	/*
	*  Read each line of file, check if equal to string; if not, append string to file
	*/
	for (;;)
	{
		c = getc(model_file);
		if (c != EOF && c != '\n' && i != MAX_LINE)
		{
			string_line[i] = c;
			i++;
			continue;
		}
		if (i >= MAX_LINE)
		{
			string_line[MAX_LINE - 1] = '\0';
			error_string = sformatf( "File name in %s is greater than %d characters: %s\n", filename, MAX_LINE, string_line);
			warning_msg(error_string);
		}
		else
		{
			string_line[i] = '\0';
		}
		/* new line or eof */
		string_trim(string_line);
		if (strcmp(string_line, string) == 0)
		{
			fclose(model_file);
			return (OK);
		}
		/* eof, add line */
		if (c == EOF)
		{
			fclose(model_file);
			model_file = fopen(filename, "a");
			if (model_file) 
			{
				fprintf(model_file, "%s\n", string);
				fclose(model_file);
			}
			else
			{
				error_string = sformatf("Could not open netpath model file: %s\n", filename);
				error_msg(error_string, STOP);
			}
			return (OK);
		}
		/* new line */
		i = 0;
	}
}