diff --git a/app/main_1D.cpp b/app/main_1D.cpp
index 2fb7c21..013676c 100644
--- a/app/main_1D.cpp
+++ b/app/main_1D.cpp
@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 #include <diffusion/BTCSDiffusion.hpp>
 #include <diffusion/BoundaryCondition.hpp>
 
-#include <algorithm> // for copy, max
-#include <cmath>
 #include <iomanip>
 #include <iostream> // for std
 #include <vector>   // for vector
@@ -18,8 +16,8 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
   int n = 20;
 
   // create input + diffusion coefficients for each grid cell
-  std::vector<double> alpha(n, 1 * pow(10, -1));
-  std::vector<double> field(n, 1 * std::pow(10, -6));
+  std::vector<double> alpha(n, 1e-1);
+  std::vector<double> field(n, 1e-6);
   std::vector<boundary_condition> bc(n + 2, {0, 0});
 
   // create instance of diffusion module
@@ -28,7 +26,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
   diffu.setXDimensions(1, n);
 
   // set the boundary condition for the left ghost cell to dirichlet
-  bc[0] = {Diffusion::BC_CONSTANT, 5 * std::pow(10, -6)};
+  bc[0] = {Diffusion::BC_CONSTANT, 5e-6};
   // diffu.setBoundaryCondition(1, 0, BTCSDiffusion::BC_CONSTANT,
   //                            5. * std::pow(10, -6));
 
diff --git a/app/main_2D.cpp b/app/main_2D.cpp
index 502ad0e..f3d2cb5 100644
--- a/app/main_2D.cpp
+++ b/app/main_2D.cpp
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-#include <algorithm> // for copy, max
-#include <cmath>
 #include <diffusion/BTCSDiffusion.hpp>
 #include <diffusion/BoundaryCondition.hpp>
 #include <iomanip>
@@ -18,8 +16,8 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
   int m = 5;
 
   // create input + diffusion coefficients for each grid cell
-  std::vector<double> alpha(n * m, 1 * pow(10, -1));
-  std::vector<double> field(n * m, 1 * std::pow(10, -6));
+  std::vector<double> alpha(n * m, 1e-1);
+  std::vector<double> field(n * m, 1e-6);
   std::vector<boundary_condition> bc((n + 2) * (m + 2), {0, 0});
 
   // create instance of diffusion module
@@ -29,7 +27,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
   diffu.setYDimensions(1, m);
 
   // set inlet to higher concentration without setting bc
-  field[12] = 5 * std::pow(10, -3);
+  field[12] = 5e-3;
 
   // set timestep for simulation to 1 second
   diffu.setTimestep(1.);
diff --git a/app/main_2D_const.cpp b/app/main_2D_const.cpp
index e70f8ad..cfc9aaa 100644
--- a/app/main_2D_const.cpp
+++ b/app/main_2D_const.cpp
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-#include <algorithm> // for copy, max
-#include <cmath>
 #include <diffusion/BTCSDiffusion.hpp>
 #include <diffusion/BoundaryCondition.hpp>
 #include <iomanip>
@@ -18,8 +16,8 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
   int m = 5;
 
   // create input + diffusion coefficients for each grid cell
-  std::vector<double> alpha(n * m, 1 * pow(10, -1));
-  std::vector<double> field(n * m, 1 * std::pow(10, -6));
+  std::vector<double> alpha(n * m, 1e-1);
+  std::vector<double> field(n * m, 1e-6);
   std::vector<boundary_condition> bc((n + 2) * (m + 2), {0, 0});
 
   // create instance of diffusion module
@@ -29,7 +27,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
   diffu.setYDimensions(1, m);
 
   for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
-    bc[(n + 2) * i] = {Diffusion::BC_CONSTANT, 5 * std::pow(10, -6)};
+    bc[(n + 2) * i] = {Diffusion::BC_CONSTANT, 5e-6};
   }
   // set timestep for simulation to 1 second
   diffu.setTimestep(1.);
diff --git a/app/main_2D_mdl.cpp b/app/main_2D_mdl.cpp
index f4eab0c..cdcd73d 100644
--- a/app/main_2D_mdl.cpp
+++ b/app/main_2D_mdl.cpp
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-#include <algorithm> // for copy, max
-#include <cmath>
 #include <diffusion/BTCSDiffusion.hpp>
 #include <diffusion/BoundaryCondition.hpp>
 #include <iomanip>
@@ -18,7 +16,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
   int m = 501;
 
   // create input + diffusion coefficients for each grid cell
-  std::vector<double> alpha(n * m, 1 * pow(10, -1));
+  std::vector<double> alpha(n * m, 1e-1);
   std::vector<double> field(n * m, 0.);
   std::vector<boundary_condition> bc((n + 2) * (m + 2), {0, 0});